JPMorgan Chase, as it exists since 2008, is the result of the combination of several large U.S.
banking companies over the last decade including Chase Manhattan Bank, J.P. Morgan & Co., Bank
One, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual. Going back further, its predecessors include major
banking firms among which are Chemical Bank, Manufacturers Hanover, First Chicago Bank,
National Bank of Detroit, Texas Commerce Bank, Providian Financial and Great Western Bank.

Chemical Banking Corporation


Chemical Bank Logo used prior to its merger with Chase Manhattan BankThe New York Chemical
Manufacturing Company was founded in 1823 as a maker of various chemicals. In 1824, the
company amended its charter to perform banking activities and created the Chemical Bank of New
York. After 1851, the bank was separated from its parent and grew organically and through a series
of mergers, most notably with Corn Exchange Bank in 1954, Texas Commerce Bank (a large bank in
Texas) in 1986, and Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company in 1991 (the first major bank merger
"among equals"). At many points throughout this history, Chemical Bank was the largest bank in the
United States (either in terms of assets or deposit market share).

In 1996, Chemical acquired the Chase Manhattan Corporation taking the more prominent Chase
name. In 2000, the combined company acquired J.P. Morgan & Co. and combined the two names to
form what is today JPMorgan Chase & Co. JPMorgan Chase retains Chemical Bank's headquarters
at 277 Park Avenue and stock price history.
The Chase Manhattan Bank was formed upon the 1931 purchase of Chase National Bank
(established in 1877) by the Bank of the Manhattan Company (established in 1799), the company's
oldest predecessor institution. The Bank of the Manhattan Company was the creation of Aaron
Burr, who transformed The Manhattan Company from a water carrier into a bank.




Led by David Rockefeller during the 1970s and the 1980s, Chase Manhattan emerged as one of
the largest and most prestigious banking concerns, with leadership positions in syndicated
lending, treasury and securities services, credit cards, mortgages, and retail financial services.
Weakened by the real estate collapse in the early 1990s, it was acquired by Chemical Bank in
1996 but retained the Chase name. Prior to its merger with J.P. Morgan & Co., Chase acquired
San Francisco-based Hambrecht & Quist in 1999 for $1.35 billion.




Built in 1914, 23 Wall Street was known as the "House of Morgan," and for decades the bank's
headquarters was the most important address in American finance. At noon, on September 16,
1920, a terrorist bomb exploded in front of the bank, injuring 400 and killing 38. Shortly before the
bomb went off, a warning note was placed in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and
Broadway. The warning read: "Remember we will not tolerate any longer. Free the political
prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchists Fighters." While theories
abound about who was behind the Wall Street bombing and why they did it, after twenty years of
investigation the FBI rendered the file inactive in 1940 without ever finding the perpetrators.

In August 1914, Henry P. Davison, a Morgan partner, traveled to the UK and made a deal with the
Bank of England to make J.P. Morgan & Co. the monopoly underwriter of war bonds for UK and
France. The Bank of England became a "fiscal agent" of J.P. Morgan & Co. and vice versa. The
company also invested in the suppliers of war equipment to Britain and France. Thus, the
company profited from the financing and purchasing activities of the two European governments.

In the 1930s, all J.P. Morgan & Co. along with all integrated banking businesses in the United
States, was required by the provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act to separate its investment banking
from its commercial banking operations. J.P. Morgan & Co. chose to operate as a commercial
bank, because at the time commercial lending was perceived to be more profitable and
prestigious business in the post depression era. Additionally, many within J.P. Morgan believed
that a change in the climate would allow the company to resume its securities businesses but it
would be nearly impossible to reconstitute the bank if it were disassembled.

In 1935, after being barred from securities business for over a year, the heads of J.P. Morgan
made the decision to spinoff its investment banking operations. Led by J.P. Morgan partners,
Henry S. Morgan (son of Jack Morgan and grandson of J. Pierpont Morgan) and Harold Stanley,
Morgan Stanley was founded on September 16, 1935 with $6.6 million of nonvoting preferred
stock from J.P. Morgan partners. In order to bolster its position, in 1959, J.P. Morgan merged with
the Guaranty Trust Company of New York to form the Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. The bank
would continue to operate as Morgan Guaranty through the 1980s before beginning to migrate
back toward the use of the J.P. Morgan brand. In 1984, the group finally purchased the Purdue
National Corporation of Lafayette Indiana, uniting a history between the two figures of Salmon
Portland Chase and John Purdue. In 1988, the company once again began operating exclusively
as J.P. Morgan & Co.
Bank One Corporation
Main article: Bank One Corporation

Bank One logo used prior to its merger with JPMorgan ChaseIn 2004, JPMorgan Chase merged with
Bank One Corp., bringing on board current chairman and CEO Jamie Dimon as president and COO
and designating him as CEO William B. Harrison, Jr.'s successor. Dimon's pay was pegged at 90% of
Harrison's. Dimon quickly made his influence felt by embarking on a cost-cutting strategy and
replaced former JPMorgan Chase executives in key positions with Bank One executives—many of
whom were with Dimon at Citigroup. Dimon became CEO in January 2006 and Chairman in
December 2006.

Bank One Corporation was formed upon the 1998 merger between Banc One of Ohio and First
Chicago NBD. These two large banking companies had themselves been created through the merger
of many banks. This merger was largely considered a failure until Jamie Dimon—recently ousted as
President of Citigroup—took over and reformed the new firm's practices—especially its disastrous
technology mishmash inherited from the many mergers prior to this one. Mr. Dimon effected more
than sufficient changes to make Bank One Corporation a viable merger partner for JPMorgan Chase.

Bank One Corporation traced its roots to First Bancgroup of Ohio, founded as a holding company for
City National Bank of Columbus, Ohio and several other banks in that state, all of which were
renamed "Bank One" when the holding company was renamed Bank One Corporation. With the
beginning of interstate banking they spread into other states, always renaming acquired banks "Bank
One", though for a long time they resisted combining them into one bank. After the NBD merger,
adverse financial results led to the departure of CIO John B. McCoy, whose father and grandfather
had headed Banc One and predecessors. Jamie Dimon, a former key executive of Citigroup, was
brought in to head the company. JPMorgan Chase completed the acquisition of Bank One in 2004.





Bear Stearns

Bear Stearns logoAt the end of 2007, Bear Stearns & Co. Inc. was the fifth largest investment bank in
the United States but its market capitalization had deteriorated through the second half of 2007. On
Friday, March 14, 2008 Bear Stearns lost 47% of its equity market value to close at $30.00 per share
as rumors emerged that clients were withdrawing capital from the bank. Over the following weekend it
emerged that Bear Stearns might prove insolvent and on or around March 15, 2008 the Federal
Reserve engineered a deal to prevent a wider systemic crisis from the collapse of Bear Stearns.

On March 16, 2008, after a weekend of intense negotiations between JPMorgan, Bear, and the
federal government, JPMorgan Chase announced that it had plans to acquire Bear Stearns in a stock
swap worth $2.00 per share or $240 million pending shareholder approval scheduled within 90 days.
In the interim, JPMorgan Chase agreed to guarantee all Bear Stearns trades and business process
flows.[9] Two days later, on March 18, 2008, JPMorgan Chase formally announced the acquisition of
Bear Stearns for $236 million. The stock swap agreement was signed in the late-night hours of March
18, 2008, with JPMorgan agreeing to exchange 0.05473 of each of its shares upon closure of the
merger for one Bear share, valuing the Bear shares at $2 each. [10]

On March 24, 2008, after considerable public discontent by Bear Stearns shareholders over the low
acquisition price threatened the deal's closure, a revised offer was announced at approximately $10
per share. Under the revised terms, JPMorgan also immediately acquired a 39.5% stake in Bear
Stearns (using newly issued shares) at the new offer price and gained a commitment from the board
(representing another 10% of the share capital) that its members would vote in favour of the new
deal. With sufficient committments thus in hand to ensure a successful shareholder vote, the merger
was completed on June 2, 2008.


Washington Mutual


Washington Mutual logoOn September 25, 2008; JPMorgan Chase bought most of the banking
operations of Washington Mutual from the receivership of the FDIC. That night, the Office of Thrift
Supervision had seized Washington Mutual Bank and placed it into receivership in by far the largest
bank failure in American history. The FDIC sold the bank's assets, secured debt obligations and
deposits to JPMorgan Chase & Co for $1.836 billion, which re-opened the bank the following day. As
a result of the takeover, Washington Mutual shareholders lost all their equity.[11]

JPMorgan Chase raised $10 billion in a stock sale to cover writedowns and losses after taking on
deposits and branches of Washington Mutual.[12] Through the acquisition, JPMorgan Chase now
owns the former accounts of Providian Financial, a credit card issuer WaMu acquired in 2005. The
company announced plans to complete the rebranding of Washington Mutual branches to Chase by
late 2009.
WWW.KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM
JPMorgan Chase's quarterly results reassure investors

JPMorgan became the third big bank in a week to release upbeat earnings news, reporting Thursday that it
earned $2.14 billion for the January-March period, thanks to strong trading activity and banking to consumers.
The company’s performance added to the evidence that the financial industry is starting to recover from the
devastating losses caused by the credit crisis and the recession, even as banks still contend with rising loan
defaults.

The bank’s chief executive also said that it could pay back its $25 billion in government funding immediately
and that it has no intention of using the government’s Public-Private Investment Program to sell so-called “toxic
assets” such as mortgage-backed



JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is one of the oldest financial services firms in the world. It
is a leader in financial services with assets of $2.3 trillion.[4], and the largest market
capitalization and deposit base of any U.S. banking institution. The hedge fund unit of JPMorgan
Chase is the largest hedge fund in the United States with $34 billion in assets as of 2007.[5]
Formed in 2000 when Chase Manhattan Corporation acquired J.P. Morgan & Co., the firm
serves millions of consumers in the United States and many of the world's most prominent
corporate, institutional and governmental clients.

The JPMorgan brand is used by the Investment Bank as well as the Asset Management, Private
Banking, Private Wealth Management, and Treasury & Securities Services Divisions. Fiduciary
activity within Private Banking and Private Wealth Management is done under the aegis of
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.—the actual trustee. The Chase brand is used for credit card
services in the United States and Canada, the bank's retail banking activities in the United
States, and commercial banking.

JP Morgan Chase is one of the Big Four Banks of United States with Bank of America, Citigroup
and Wells Fargo.[6]
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is a leading global financial services firm with assets of $2.2 trillion and
operations in more than 60 countries. The firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for
consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and
private equity. A component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, JPMorgan Chase serves millions of
consumers in the United States and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and
government clients under its J.P. Morgan, Chase and WaMu brands.
CHASE MANHATAN PLAZA NEW YORK
JPMORGAN CHASE TOWER 270 PARK
AVENUE NEW YORK
JPMORGAN CHASE TOWER HOUSTON
TEXAS
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE: Low Prices,
Below Market Value, Low Interest rates.
Search for properties in any city; Right
Here, Right Now. Fast, Easy and Simple
.
CLICK HERE!

Motivated Sellers; Selling at
Unbelievable Prices. Learn More...
Live Your Dream
Search it, Find it, Learn about it,
Negotiate it, Buy it.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coral Gables, Coconut Grove Real
Estate For Sale. Magnificent properties!
Search Now...

Pembroke Pines Florida Real Estate:
Find a property in Pembroke Pines area

Miramar Florida Real Estate:
Search for a home in the city of Miramar

Miami Lakes Florida Real Estate:
Look for luxury, prestigious properties in
the town of Miami Lakes

Aventura Florida, Williams Island
Condos For Sale at Reduced Price.
Search for luxury waterfront properties
with considerable price reduction

Broward County Florida Real Estate
Listing & Homes For Sale at
umbelievable price!

Hallandale Beach Florida Real Estate
For Sale.
Find for sale properties in the city of
Hallandale; Houses, Town-Homes,
Condos, Waterfront Properties.  

Palm Beach County magnificent real
estate. Homes, Condos, Town-homes at
reduced price!

WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF
COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE?
COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE; A
BETTER WAY TO INVEST AND GET
RICHER!  MULTI-WAYS TO WIN BIG IN
REAL ESTATE.

MIAMI REAL ESTATE MARKET.
The Time is Now to Profit from Real
Estate investing--
A “Perfect Storm” of events has made
investing in Real Estate properties better
than ever - and now’s the time for you to
profit...

South Florida Real Estate great location
Low Prices, Below Market Value, Low
Interest rates

LIVE YOUR DREAM
Search it, Find it, Learn about it, Buy it.  
Obtain and retain our contact number &
our email to further assist you.!

SOUTH FLORIDA CALL: 786-709-6577
--- WE'RE LICENSED REALTOR &
LICENSED MORTGAGE BROKER.
FREE INTERNET ADVERTISEMENT
FOR COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
FOR SALE FREE AD. LEARN MORE!

FSBO --- FREE ONLINE SERVICE
TO SELL YOUR FOR SALE BY
OWNER PROPERTY. CLICK HERE

Your FOR SALE Advertisement
could be seen by thousands of
viewers

HOMEOWNERS IN FORECLOSURE:
SALE YOUR FORECLOSURE
PROPERTY NOW. CLICK HERE
SAVE YOUR EQUITY, SAVE YOUR
CREDIT RATING

WE'LL EMAIL YOUR FOR SALE
PROPERTY
TO OVER HUNDREDS OF
PROSPECTIVE
BUYERS  AND INVESTORS FOR
FREE!
REAL ESTATE
WANTED
Private Investors
Want Commercial
Properties.
Will Look at all  
income producing
properties.
We pay cash or terms,
We pay for referrals.
CLICK HERE TO
CONTACT US...
LISTING YOUR PROPERTY
FOR SALE FAST & FOR THE
TOP PRICE!

ATTENTION SELLERS:

LET US HELP YOU SELLING
YOUR PROPERTY.

WITH US: IS MORE
ADVERTISEMENT,

MORE  EXPOSURE,

MORE SHOWINGS,

MORE OFFERS, AND MORE
MONEY FOR YOUR
PROPERTY!

CALL:  786-709-6577 ---
SOUTH FLORIDA
Knowledge Financial.com; an educational, a
life changing website with great ideas of
small business, with important things to know
about our
economy,  and investment Practical
Keys to Amassing Investment
Capital for
building wealth.

THE 16 DAYS THAT SHOOCK THE US ECONOMY IN
SEPTEMBER, 2008.
A shocking series of events that forever
changed the financial and credit markets.
With the failure of
Subprime mortgages and
the reduction of
Home Equity. When banks
don't lend to each other and the credit system
gets backed up, consumers have a hard time
getting a loan to make their purchases or
small businesses can't expand and
employees are at risk of losing their jobs.

What is
subprime mortgages?

Home-buying guide and Home-selling guide.
Here you have a chance to learn more about
the American credit system, increase your
knowledge in Real Estate investment, a
complete Home-buying and Home-selling
guide with a
Mortgage Loans Learning Center

Knowledge financial.com brings you the
opportunity to get the
financial knowledge  
you may need with methods and strategies to
make money and to save more money  
perhaps to obtain the
financial freedom you
deserve in time of financial and credit crisis.

Knowledge Financial.com can help you find
ways to discover where the money is to invest
in
Real Estate, in small business we're here to
help you find out which Lenders who are
willing to borrow you money, to help you
Refinance your property at a lower rate.

Here's the occasion   for you Americans to
know more about  Social Security Retirement
Account.
SOCIAL SECURITY; THE ULTIMATE
RETIREMENT GUIDE. HOW DOES SOCIAL SECURITY
WORK?


COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
Whether this is your first venture at
entrepreneurship or you are a
well-established business owner you can still
learn What are the advantages of commercial
property investment and
Rental Property

Mobile Home
For people who love Mobile Home here you
can learn how to find the and ways to finance
them.

South Florida Real Estate market
Everybody, foreigners and national want to
know what kind of opportunity the South
Florida Real Estate market offers and also the
specific
Miami market.

Ways to Avoid Foreclosure & Lower the
Mortgage payments.
Here again you can find many ways to: SAVE
YOUR HOME, SAVE YOUR CREDIT, REDUCE YOUR
MONTHLY PAYMENT, AVOID FORECLOSURE.

Now in Florida, This time could be a
particularly great time for first-time buyers
say a variety of real estate professionals.  
HOW TO GET PRE-QUALIFY FOR A HOME LOAN?
PRE-APPROVAL CAN SPEED UP THE BUYING
PROCESS AND IMPROVE YOUR CHANCE OF
REACHING AN AGREEMENT ON THE PURCHASE
PRICE.
We welcome the opportunity to assist you in the purchase or sale of a real estate property.

We invite you to contact us and allowing us to provide you the best service possible and make your real
estate experience the best it can be by using our professionalism & our experience.

ANTONY JEANTY

REALTOR ASSOCIATE
Fortune Int. Realty   --- 786-
REAL ESTATE FINANCING:
HOW AND WHERE TO FIND MONEY TO
BUY A PROPERTY

PRE-QUALIFICATION
MORTGAGE LOAN PRE-QUALIFICATION,
LOW INTEREST RATES. CLICK HERE

HOME REFINANCING
RATES ARE STILL NEAR HISTORIC
LOWS
IT MAY BE A GOOD TIME NOW TO
REFINANCE!
LEARN MORE...

COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE LOANS:
COMMERCIAL MORTGAGES,
COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FOR
INVESTORS
BUYING A REAL ESTATE
PROPERTY IN THE CITY OF MIAMI
LAKES:

A competent, experienced and
knowledgeable Realtor who has
the available resources to help
you making your home purchase
decision a reality.

HOME-BUYING GUIDE
We work hard to exceed clients
expectation, we have the in-depth
training and negotiating skills,
techniques and  knowledge
necessary to get you the best
price for your property in the
shortest amount of time.

The Time to Buy Real Estate is
Now to Profit from Real Estate
investing--

A “Perfect Storm” of events has
made investing in Real Estate
properties better than ever - and
now’s the time for you to profit...
WHY?

BECAUSE OF:  LOW PRICES, LOW
INTEREST RATE, BIG TAX SAVING.

LET Mr. ANTONY BE YOUR
REALTOR.
CALL AT: 786-

COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE
INVESTMENT:
Commercial Real Estate is how
fortunes are made. Is how rich
retirements are secured. How
financial
freedom is locked down.


HOW TO GET THE $8,000 FIRST
TIME HOME-BUYER'S TAX CREDIT?

SOUTH FLORIDA, CALL A
REALTOR AT:
FHA MORTGAGE LOAN PROGRAMS
FHA might be just what you need. Your down
payment can
be as low as 3.5% of the purchase price, and
most of your
closing costs and fees can be included in the
loan.
Available on 1-4 unit properties.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Low down payments
Low closing costs
Easy credit qualifying

FHA HAS
Programs that help low and moderate
income families
become homeowners by lowering some of
the costs of
their mortgage loans

Benefits of an FHA-Insured Loan
If one or more of the following situations
apply, then an FHA-insured loan may be right
for you:
You're a first-time home-buyer.
You don't have a lot of money to put down on
a house.
You want to keep your monthly payments as
low as possible.
You're worried about your monthly payments
going up.
You're worried about qualifying for a loan.
You don't have perfect credit.
------------------------------------------------------------------
REVERSE MORTGAGE

A Reverse Mortgage is a home loan available
to individuals aged 62 or older as a payout of
home equity to the borrower. Reverse
mortgage borrowers can receive a lump
sum, monthly payments or hold the money in
a savings account as a credit line.

Commercial Mortgage for Commercial Real
Estate Investors.
Discover How Fast, Easy And Flexible
Commercial Real Estate Mortgage Loans Can
Be.

SOUTH FLORIDA CONTACT US AT: 786 ---
WE'RE LICENSED MORTGAGE
BROKER
HISTORY
REAL ESTATE: BUYING, SELLING, LEASING A
PROPERTY IN SOUTH FLORIDA.

CALL A PROFESSIONAL REALTOR AT: -- FROM F.
INT. REALTY
IF YOU NEED HELP TO SELL YOUR REAL ESTATE PROPERTY IN SOUTH FLORIDA; PLEASE CONTACT  ANTONY A PROFESSIONAL REALTOR.  --- F.
Int. Realty
Custom Search
SEARCH FOR ANYTHING YOU
WANT RIGHT HERE
!
HOMEOWNERS IN FORECLOSURE
Let Us Help You Sell Your Real Estate Property Now. CALL  The Realtor  At:

We Will Buy it From You, or We Will Sell it For You.

For All Real Estate Services

SOUTH FLORIDA HOMEOWNERS WHO ARE THINKING ABOUT SELLING

LET US HELP YOU.
CALL US AT:

VISIT: WWW.KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM  

YOUR PROPERTY WILL BE MARKETED IN 13 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

----------------------------------------
''IF YOU NEED HELP TO SELL YOUR REAL ESTATE PROPERTY IN SOUTH FLORIDA;

PLEASE CALL Mr. ANTONY A PROFESSIONAL REALTOR.  AT:  
------------------------

ATTENTION SELLERS:

LET US HELP YOU SELLING YOUR PROPERTY.

WITH US: IS MORE ADVERTISEMENT,

MORE  EXPOSURE,

MORE SHOWINGS,

MORE OFFERS, AND MORE MONEY FOR YOUR PROPERTY!

YOUR PROPERTY WILL BE MARKETING IN 13 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

CALL:  --- SOUTH FLORIDA.   --- WE,RE LICENSED REALTOR & LICENSED
MORTGAGE
------------------------------

Selling Your Real Estate in Least Amount of Time For The Most Money.

Expose Your Property to The Most Potential Buyers.  CALL ANTHONY AT:
What Is A Financial Advisor?

How to Find the Right Financial Advisor

Questions To Ask When Choosing A Financial Advisor

When it comes to our money, how well our investments do is out of our control — as they say, past performance is not an indicator of future
results. But, who we choose to manage our money is...

=============
The advisors on the latter organization’s site are fee-only, meaning they will not earn commissions for selling you specific investments but
simply charge you a rate, usually based on the assets you put under management. Many experts say that a fee-only advisor is preferable, to
eliminate conflicts of interest and ensure he or she always acts with your best interest at heart.

=============
Once you’ve gotten a list of potential advisors, take one more step before setting up appointments to meet: Find out whether each has ever
been disciplined for any unlawful or unethical behavior. You can do this using the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s (FINRA)
BrokerCheck. You can also look the advisors up on the CFP Board’s site, to verify that they each have CFP certification status.

When you have your initial interview, here are the questions you want to ask:

=======
What licenses, credentials or other certifications do you have?

Of the four main types of financial advisors, the certified financial planner (CFP) designation is harder to achieve than Chartered Financial
Consultant (ChFC), because the former requires a comprehensive board exam; the latter, however uses the same core curriculum.

If you want someone to manage your money, then look for a registered investment advisor (RIA).

If you have a high income or a small business owner, you’ll probably want a certified public account (CPA), who can offer you advance tax
planning. The personal financial specialist (PSF) certification is usually obtained by CPAs who want to demonstrate they can help clients with
comprehensive financial planning.

3. What services do you/does your firm provide?

Implicit in this question is also what assistance the advisor will not give you. “Some people are just investment advisors and only provide you
advice on your investments,” says Bera. “Other people do comprehensive financial planning around retirement, insurance, estate planning
and tax planning.” Go with someone whose offerings suit your needs.

4. What types of clients do you specialize in?

Some financial advisors have a niche, says Bera, and if you have a specific interest — such as charitable giving or socially responsible
investments or if you’re a newlywed or recently divorced — you’ll want to find one that concentrates in that area too.

=======

1. Are you a fiduciary?

  A fiduciary is a person who has to place the client’s interest ahead of his or her own. Fiduciaries must also disclose what their fees are, how
they’re compensated and any other conflicts or potential conflicts of interest that might influence an individual's decision to use their services.

In contrast, non-fiduciary financial advisors might receive a commission in exchange for selling you a particular investment that isn’t the best
for you – and not tell you how they’ve profited from it.

However, a fiduciary may work for a fund that only allows him or her to sell the fund’s proprietary products. As long as he or she discloses that
to you, he or she is still a fiduciary, even if there are investments outside of that fund that are better for you.

The Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards issues Rules of Conduct for fiduciaries, which state, for example, that CFPs should define
what services they will provide and only offer advice in areas in which they are competent.

======
2. How do you charge for your services, and how much?

  If you didn’t see this information on the planner’s web site, ask whether there’s an initial planning fee, whether they charge a percentage for
assets under management, or whether they make money from selling you a specific product. Not only should you know how much the service
will cost you, but it can help you determine whether they have an incentive to sell you things.

========
3. What licenses, credentials or other certifications do you have?

  Choose an advisor according to your needs.

Just need a plan, not a money manager? Certified financial planners (CFPs) are fiduciaries certified through a comprehensive ten-hour board
exam and have several years’ experience in financial planning. You might also choose a Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC), who takes the
CFP core curriculum but not a board exam.

Looking for a money manager? A registered investment advisor (RIA) is a fiduciary who may be required to register with the Securities and
Exchange Commission depending on how much money he or she manages, though such registration is not an endorsement.

If you want deep investment analysis, a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) is one of only 20% of applicants who receive this designation from
the CFA Institute after three six-hour exams, a minimum two years of coursework and four years of professional work experience.

High-income earners and small business owners should consider a certified public account (CPA) for

========

4. What services do you/does your firm provide?

Implicit in this question is also what assistance the advisor will not give you. “Some people are just investment advisors and only provide you
advice on your investments,” says certified financial planner Sophia Bera, founder of Gen Y Planning. “Other people do comprehensive
financial planning around retirement, insurance, estate planning and tax planning.” Go with someone whose offerings suit your needs.

4. What services do you/does your firm provide?

  Implicit in this question is also what assistance the advisor will not give you. “Some people are just investment advisors and only provide
you advice on your investments,” says certified financial planner Sophia Bera, founder of Gen Y Planning. “Other people do comprehensive
financial planning around retirement, insurance, estate planning and tax planning.” Go with someone whose offerings suit your needs.

=====

5. What types of clients do you specialize in?

Some financial advisors have a niche, and if you have a specific interest — such as charitable giving or socially
responsible investments or if you’re a newlywed or recently divorced — you’ll want to find one that concentrates in that area too. Edward A.
Wacks, a CPA and CFP affiliated with Ameriprise Financial,

“Most advisors tend to focus on people within 10 years of their age.” He for instance, focuses on soon-to-be retirees because he’s 61, and
business owners because he has his own business. “I feel we have some commonality, and I understand their issues,” he says.

======

7. What is your investment approach?

  If you have a strong preference for a particular philosophy, ask the advisor what his or hers is. For instance, if you prefer to use low-cost
funds, you can ask whether they plan to use actively managed funds or passive investments. Wacks gives an example of the kinds of differences
in investment philosophy that can arise: “I say to the client, ‘I’m not here to make you a lot of money. If you want someone to do that, and trade
stocks back and forth, then I’m not the person. If you’re looking for someone who makes investments consistent with your risk tolerance and
goals, then I can help you.’” Many financial planners recommend you don’t work with an investment advisor who is not an RIA.



6. Could I see a sample financial plan?

  There is no one set structure for a financial plan, which means there is wide variation. “Some people might give you 50 pages of stuff you don’t
understand like charts and graphs, and another planner might provide a five-page snapshot of your financial situation,” says Bera. “With a
sample, you can say, ‘I really want that in-depth analysis,’ or ‘I don’t understand that.’”

=======

8. How much contact do you have with your clients?

“Some of planners hold an initial planning meeting and then you see them once a year, and that’s all you get,” says Bera. Others might have
quarterly check-ins. “Some clients just want to go over everything once a year and then they’re good.

Others are looking for more support, so it depends on the amount you want to pay, and how involved you want your planner to be. Are you a
delegator? Or do you expect your advisor to explain things to you?”

If you’re not sure of what you’ll be comfortable with, a J.D. Power & Associates survey found that investors contacted 12 or more times a year had
the highest rates of satisfaction with their advisors.

======

Will I be working only with you or with a team?

  This question will also help you see how often you’ll be in touch with your advisor. “Some will say, ‘I’ll meet with you once a year, but that
person will reach out to you regularly and is my right hand person and does a lot of data gathering for me.’ Some companies have a team
approach rather than an individual approach,”  adding that one isn’t better than the other. “It’s really whatever your preference is. But I wouldn’t
want someone to get into a relationship and say, ‘I only see my advisor once a year, and I thought I’d be seeing him more often.’ Then others
really like the team approach because they know if their planner is on vacation, they can still get an answer right away.”

======

10. What makes your client experience unique?

“Basically, ‘Why do I want to work with you?’” says Bera. “And people should be able to answer that.” This will also give you insight into whether
their strengths are the ones you seek in a planner. For instance, she tells clients, “I’m your financially savvy best friend,” and explains that her
focus is on using their money to match their values. This pitch would appeal to some clients, but not ones who, for instance, are out to maximize
returns in the market
=======

CPA= Certified Public Accountant

1.Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world. In the United States

2. requirements for the CPA qualification can be summed up as the Three Es—Education, Examination and Experience.

3.The education requirement normally must be fulfilled as part of the eligibility criteria to sit for the Uniform CPA Exam.

4.The examination component is the Uniform CPA Exam itself. Some states have a two-tier system whereby an individual would first become
certified—

5.=======

6.Continuing Professional Education (CPE)

CPAs are required to take continuing education courses in order to renew their license. Requirements vary by state (Wisconsin does not require
any CPE for CPAs but the vast majority require an average of 40 hours of CPE every year with a minimum of 20 hours per calendar year.

7.The requirement can be fulfilled through attending live seminars, webcast seminars, or through self-study (textbooks, videos, online courses,
all of which require a test to receive credit).

8.As part of the CPE requirement, most states require their CPAs to take an ethics course during every renewal period.

9. Again, ethics requirements vary by state but the courses range from 2–8 hours. AICPA guidelines grant licensees 1 hour of CPE credit for every
50 minutes of instruction

10.==========


Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) generally handle the accounting, taxes, reporting, and audit processes for governments, corporations, and
individual clients.

To become a CPA, one must obtain a bachelor’s degree (preferably with a major in Accounting or Business Administration), and pass the four-part
national CPA exam administered by the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA); additionally, each state has its own requirements for licensure by the
State Board of Accountancy.

In order to be successful in the profession, CPAs typically must have an analytic mind, an excellent eye for detail, and aptitude for math.

They usually work indoors, in a well-lit office. Work usually is performed at a desk, with a computer, and typically involves reviewing various types
of financial information, keeping up-to-date on changes in government regulations, or preparing documentation or reporting related to finances,
taxes, or audits.

A CPA may have to work long hours, especially during the annual tax season (January to April). CPAs have a variety of career paths from which to
choose.
=======
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Tasks
• Maintain records of assets, liabilities, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial activities, utilizing accounting principles.
• Analyze financial data in order to prepare and communicate financial reports.
• Ensure compliance with state and federal regulations.
• Generate and interpret financial records and statements
•=====

1.American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
◦Founded in 1887, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants is the nation
◦al professional organization of Certified Public Accountants in the United States, with more than 394,000 members in 128 countries in busines


=======

Brokerage Account:

What Is a Brokerage Account?

'Brokerage Account'

An arrangement between an investor and a licensed brokerage firm that allows the investor to deposit funds with the firm and place investment
orders through the brokerage, which then carries out the transactions on the investor's behalf. The investor owns the assets contained in the
brokerage account and must usually claim as income any capital gains he or she incurs from the account.

'Brokerage Account'

There are several different types of brokerage accounts and brokerage firms; investors are able to choose the type of brokerage account and
broker that best suits their financial requirements. Some full-service brokers provide extensive investment advice, charging high fees for their
efforts, while most online brokers simply provide a secure interface through which investors can place trade orders and, therefore, charge
relatively low fees for their services. Brokerage accounts can also differ in terms of order execution speed, analysis tools used, scope of
tradable assets, and the extent to which investors can trade on margin.

1.Before you open a brokerage account, you need to learn the difference between a traditional and discount broker, the benefits and costs
associated with each, and ...

. Full Service Broker vs. Discount Broker


2. =========.Brokerage firm

1.A brokerage firm, or simply brokerage, is a financial institution that facilitates the buying and selling of financial securities between a buyer and
a seller..=====


3.Brokerage firms operate to assist investors in the buying and selling of financial products including public stocks, securities, and depending
on their level of service may also offer financial advice and other resources specifically designed to meet the needs of an investor.

Brokerage firms come in several different variations. Depending on the needs of the investor

=====
Captive Brokers

This type of broker is relevant when investors are interested in mutual fund purchases. Captive brokers are those whose firm owns part of the
mutual fund company so they are inclined to sell only their own funds rather than encourage investors to look into other company’s funds. A
possible downside to using this type of broker is the firm not having your best financial interests in mind so investors need to be aware of this
type of brokerage firm and their ultimate goals.

Independent Brokers

Unlike captive brokers, independent brokerage firms are not connected to any mutual fund company nor are they part of a chain brokerage.
Typically, the independent will be more forthcoming with advice that suits your needs rather than catering to their own interests.

Full Service Brokerage Firms

This type of brokerage firm offers customers the full scope of services including the professional advice to assist investors in understanding
investment money options and trade assets. Using this type of brokerage firm will cost the most for services but it will also provide the most
resources and tools necessary to make financial choices. They research various aspects of the market to make investment recommendations to
their clients.

====
Discount Service Brokerage Firm

This type of brokerage firm offers service that only deals with the trading aspect of managing investments for their customers. As not as many
resources are provided through these services, their cost is considerable less than a full service firm, with costs ranging 50% or more lower.

Deep Discount Brokerage Firms

This type of brokerage firm provides investment services that are even less costly than regular discount firms because they only deal with
specific aspects of investing, specializing in one area of trading. Their services can cost nearly 90% less than a full service firm’s costs.

Online Discount Brokerage Firms

Brokerage firms that work online are much like the deep discount firms except their investment resources and support are available for online
trading only. Their costs are typically low and for some, the immediate trading and other investment services they offer are a definite pro of using
online services. A con of online service for some investors may be the impersonal support through online communication rather than in-person
consultations.

Brokerage firms can be a resource for the beginner investor as well as the seasoned trader. Depending on your specific financial needs and
goals, a brokerage firm can help facilitate various aspects of investments. It is wise to understand the different types of brokerage firms and
services available that will meet your investment needs

========

1. How do you charge for your services, and how much?

If you didn’t see this information on the planner’s web site, ask whether there’s an initial planning fee, whether they charge a percentage for
assets under management, or whether they make money from selling you a specific product. Not only should you know how much the service will
cost you, but it can help you determine whether they have an incentive to sell you things.

==================
President Barack Obama called for new regulations this week to ensure that brokers who work with retirement accounts put investors' interests
first. He wants to hold brokers to a higher standard. But how do you know if your financial advisor is putting your interests above his or her own
bottom line?

You won't know unless you ask these three questions:

Are you a broker, a registered investment advisor or a certified financial planner?

Brokers, regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), are required to make recommendations suitable to their clients'
financial needs and goals. Under the "suitability" rule, a broker's loyalty is to the financial services firm that he or she works for, and not
necessarily the client.

A registered investment advisor is registered and regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) or a state's securities regulator.
These regulatory agencies require that a registered investment advisor put their client's best interests above their own, upholding a "fiduciary
standard."

=====

President Barack Obama called for new regulations this week to ensure that brokers who work with retirement accounts put investors' interests
first. He wants to hold brokers to a higher standard. But how do you know if your financial advisor is putting your interests above his or her own
bottom line?

You won't know unless you ask these three questions:

Are you a broker, a registered investment advisor or a certified financial planner?

Brokers, regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), are required to make recommendations suitable to their clients'
financial needs and goals. Under the "suitability" rule, a broker's loyalty is to the financial services firm that he or she works for, and not
necessarily the client.

A registered investment advisor is registered and regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) or a state's securities regulator.
These regulatory agencies require that a registered investment advisor put their client's best interests above their own, upholding a "fiduciary
standard."

For example, putting a client's interests above their own financial interest means that a registered investment advisor can't buy or sell
investments that may result in a higher commission for the advisor, or the advisor's investment firm, unless it is the best investment for the
client.



Some brokers and registered investment advisors may also be certified financial planners and have a "CFP" designation after their names.
These planners have gone through rigorous testing on retirement,college, estate planning and other personal finance topics.

If they are actually providing financial planning services to clients, then they have a fiduciary duty. That requires them to place the interest of the
client ahead of their own at all times.

============
President Barack Obama called for new regulations when he was president to ensure that brokers who work with retirement accounts put
investors' interests first. He wants to hold brokers to a higher standard. But how do you know if your financial advisor is putting your interests
above his or her own bottom line?

You won't know unless you ask these three questions:

Are you a broker, a registered investment advisor or a certified financial planner?

Brokers, regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), are required to make recommendations suitable to their clients'
financial needs and goals. Under the "suitability" rule, a broker's loyalty is to the financial services firm that he or she works for, and not
necessarily the client.

A registered investment advisor is registered and regulated by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) or a state's securities regulator.
These regulatory agencies require that a registered investment advisor put their client's best interests above their own, upholding a "fiduciary
standard."

For example, putting a client's interests above their own financial interest means that a registered investment advisor can't buy or sell
investments that may result in a higher commission for the advisor, or the advisor's investment firm, unless it is the best investment for the
client.




Some brokers and registered investment advisors may also be certified financial planners and have a "CFP" designation after their names.
These planners have gone through rigorous testing on retirement,college, estate planning and other personal finance topics.

If they are actually providing financial planning services to clients, then they have a fiduciary duty. That requires them to place the interest of the
client ahead of their own at all times.