HEALTH-CARE
NURSES OF AMERICA
NURSES OF AMERICA
KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM
Your Health Insurance: What it should Cover?-
BUYHEREMARKET.COM
Analyzed the costs that you pay under your health-care insurance plan. In this article we’ll look at some of the
basic coverages which should be included in your policy. Don’t ever assume that everything is covered,
because it isn’t. Inexpensive policies (read, cheap) cover very little. Whether you have a tradition plan or an
HMO, employer-provided or an individual policy, you’re much better off with a comprehensive, major medical
health insurance plan that should cover the following:
The cost of basic hospital services - This includes a semiprivate room, food, emergency room, nursing,
intensive care, ambulance service, medicines, X-rays and lab tests. Unless your plan deems it medically
necessary, the extra cost of a private room will be yours.
The cost of surgery - This should include surgeons, assistant surgeons, anesthesiologists, and outpatient
surgery. The plan will cover the costs that are “usual and customary” for your area.
The cost of outpatient care - Many procedures that previously required hospitalization are now done on an
outpatient basis. To prevent infections and other unforeseen effects, your policy should provide adequate
home healthcare support.
At least part of the bill for home health care - This should be covered if ordered by your doctor.
Most doctor bills - In full or in part; again, the plan will only pay up to the “usual and customary” charges.
Good coverage for your children - Stepchildren and foster children should also be included if you’re
responsible for their support. Be aware of how long your children can remain on your policy.
Typically, they’re covered up to age 19 if not full-time students, and anywhere from 21 to 25 if they are.
Children with mental or physical handicaps who cannot support themselves should be covered permanently,
as long as the disability occurred while they were insured.
Care for an infant from the moment of birth - Generally, to have your child included on your health plan, you
must notify the insurer of the birth within thirty days. The majority of group and individual plans provide
infants with major medical coverage from the moment of birth; however, they may not cover therapy for all
birth defects.
Part of the cost of convalescing in a nursing home - After you’ve had a hospital stay, but you still require
nursing care.
Part of the cost of prescription drugs.
Part of the treatment for mental problems, drug- and alcohol abuse - This area of coverage has seen many
recent cutbacks and is subject to strict oversight.
Most of the cost of incidental expenses - These can include physical therapy, oxygen, durable medical
equipment (DME), and the like.
Part of the cost of oral surgery - Dental surgery generally isn’t covered under standard health insurance
plans, but can usually be included with a rider.
Finally, don’t be satisfied by receiving just a sales brochure that states in advertising lingo that everything is
covered. Everything isn’t. Get a copy of the contract which shows exactly what’s insured as well as how much
of the expenses you’re expected to pay.
--Health And Life Insurance Quotes | Individual, Family & Self-Employed
Compare multiple LIfe insurance quotes. Free quotes for affordable individual, family--
--Medicare: The Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare
Go to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Service--
BUYHEREMARKET.COM
Analyzed the costs that you pay under your health-care insurance plan. In this article we’ll look at some of the
basic coverages which should be included in your policy. Don’t ever assume that everything is covered,
because it isn’t. Inexpensive policies (read, cheap) cover very little. Whether you have a tradition plan or an
HMO, employer-provided or an individual policy, you’re much better off with a comprehensive, major medical
health insurance plan that should cover the following:
The cost of basic hospital services - This includes a semiprivate room, food, emergency room, nursing,
intensive care, ambulance service, medicines, X-rays and lab tests. Unless your plan deems it medically
necessary, the extra cost of a private room will be yours.
The cost of surgery - This should include surgeons, assistant surgeons, anesthesiologists, and outpatient
surgery. The plan will cover the costs that are “usual and customary” for your area.
The cost of outpatient care - Many procedures that previously required hospitalization are now done on an
outpatient basis. To prevent infections and other unforeseen effects, your policy should provide adequate
home healthcare support.
At least part of the bill for home health care - This should be covered if ordered by your doctor.
Most doctor bills - In full or in part; again, the plan will only pay up to the “usual and customary” charges.
Good coverage for your children - Stepchildren and foster children should also be included if you’re
responsible for their support. Be aware of how long your children can remain on your policy.
Typically, they’re covered up to age 19 if not full-time students, and anywhere from 21 to 25 if they are.
Children with mental or physical handicaps who cannot support themselves should be covered permanently,
as long as the disability occurred while they were insured.
Care for an infant from the moment of birth - Generally, to have your child included on your health plan, you
must notify the insurer of the birth within thirty days. The majority of group and individual plans provide
infants with major medical coverage from the moment of birth; however, they may not cover therapy for all
birth defects.
Part of the cost of convalescing in a nursing home - After you’ve had a hospital stay, but you still require
nursing care.
Part of the cost of prescription drugs.
Part of the treatment for mental problems, drug- and alcohol abuse - This area of coverage has seen many
recent cutbacks and is subject to strict oversight.
Most of the cost of incidental expenses - These can include physical therapy, oxygen, durable medical
equipment (DME), and the like.
Part of the cost of oral surgery - Dental surgery generally isn’t covered under standard health insurance
plans, but can usually be included with a rider.
Finally, don’t be satisfied by receiving just a sales brochure that states in advertising lingo that everything is
covered. Everything isn’t. Get a copy of the contract which shows exactly what’s insured as well as how much
of the expenses you’re expected to pay.
--Health And Life Insurance Quotes | Individual, Family & Self-Employed
Compare multiple LIfe insurance quotes. Free quotes for affordable individual, family--
--Medicare: The Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare
Go to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Service--
Things to Remember
When Buying Healthcare
It’s always much easier and much less
complicated choosing health care coverage
from your employer.
You basically get a choice of two, or possibly
three, plans. One is an HMO and the other
will invariable be a PPO. And you pick the
one that looks best.
But what happens when you leave the
friendly confines of your place of
employment? If you change jobs, or you
decide to start your own business, will you
really be able to choose adequate
healthcare coverage?
It’s important that you know what to look
for when searching for a suitable policy.
Here are some things that you’ll want to
keep in mind.
Once you know that you’ll need replacement
coverage, don’t wait until the last minute to
begin looking. Start your search no later
than ninety days before your current
coverage is set to terminate. You’ll need the
time to shop and compare providers and
programs (and do this diligently), as well as
to apply for coverage.
And unlike employer-based insurance,
private providers can simply choose not to
cover you. So you may need to apply with
several different healthcare providers.
Don’t disregard emergency care for the sake
of routine coverage. Picking the plan that
has no co-pay for office visits may say you
$100 over the course of a year, but if the
plan you turned down had a much more
comprehensive emergency room and
hospital coverage provision, then you
certainly haven’t done yourself any favors.
Private insurance policies are almost never
as comprehensive or affordable as employer-
provided healthcare coverage. If your
spouse still has access to employer-based
coverage, consider leaving your children
under that policy.
It’s perfectly fine to have family members
covered under different insurance policies;
your main goal is seeing to it that most
advantageous coverage is in place for your
family.
Know and understand that when a
healthcare provider states the need for
medical underwriting of your policy, they will
be looking for any and every reason to deny
coverage to you. This will include any history
of medical conditions in your family as well
as yourself.
They’re attempting to screen out all
applicants who might ever require
significant health care. If you or a family
member has ever had a serious medical
problem such as heart disease, diabetes,
asthma or the like, then it’s a fairly safe bet
that your coverage will be denied or that
coverage will be offered for all health care
except for the specific health issue (which is
known as a waiver of coverage for a
specified condition).
Once you find a plan that you feel could
meet your needs, read it carefully. Go over it
with a fine-tooth comb. All insurance policies
have restrictions and exclusions, and they
will adhere to each and every one of them.
So read the fine print.
Finally, never cancel your old policy until
your new coverage is in effect. Health
insurance coverage is vigorously regulated
by Federal and state laws which provide for
the protection of the consumer. This
protection is often lost once you willingly
cancel a policy in writing.
- Medical and Nursing Resource for
professionals in the nursing industry-
Information for licensed nurses,
hospitals. |
Nursing News, Nursing Jobs, Nurse
Continuing Education, Nursing Schools and
Financial aid information--
When Buying Healthcare
It’s always much easier and much less
complicated choosing health care coverage
from your employer.
You basically get a choice of two, or possibly
three, plans. One is an HMO and the other
will invariable be a PPO. And you pick the
one that looks best.
But what happens when you leave the
friendly confines of your place of
employment? If you change jobs, or you
decide to start your own business, will you
really be able to choose adequate
healthcare coverage?
It’s important that you know what to look
for when searching for a suitable policy.
Here are some things that you’ll want to
keep in mind.
Once you know that you’ll need replacement
coverage, don’t wait until the last minute to
begin looking. Start your search no later
than ninety days before your current
coverage is set to terminate. You’ll need the
time to shop and compare providers and
programs (and do this diligently), as well as
to apply for coverage.
And unlike employer-based insurance,
private providers can simply choose not to
cover you. So you may need to apply with
several different healthcare providers.
Don’t disregard emergency care for the sake
of routine coverage. Picking the plan that
has no co-pay for office visits may say you
$100 over the course of a year, but if the
plan you turned down had a much more
comprehensive emergency room and
hospital coverage provision, then you
certainly haven’t done yourself any favors.
Private insurance policies are almost never
as comprehensive or affordable as employer-
provided healthcare coverage. If your
spouse still has access to employer-based
coverage, consider leaving your children
under that policy.
It’s perfectly fine to have family members
covered under different insurance policies;
your main goal is seeing to it that most
advantageous coverage is in place for your
family.
Know and understand that when a
healthcare provider states the need for
medical underwriting of your policy, they will
be looking for any and every reason to deny
coverage to you. This will include any history
of medical conditions in your family as well
as yourself.
They’re attempting to screen out all
applicants who might ever require
significant health care. If you or a family
member has ever had a serious medical
problem such as heart disease, diabetes,
asthma or the like, then it’s a fairly safe bet
that your coverage will be denied or that
coverage will be offered for all health care
except for the specific health issue (which is
known as a waiver of coverage for a
specified condition).
Once you find a plan that you feel could
meet your needs, read it carefully. Go over it
with a fine-tooth comb. All insurance policies
have restrictions and exclusions, and they
will adhere to each and every one of them.
So read the fine print.
Finally, never cancel your old policy until
your new coverage is in effect. Health
insurance coverage is vigorously regulated
by Federal and state laws which provide for
the protection of the consumer. This
protection is often lost once you willingly
cancel a policy in writing.
- Medical and Nursing Resource for
professionals in the nursing industry-
Information for licensed nurses,
hospitals. |
Nursing News, Nursing Jobs, Nurse
Continuing Education, Nursing Schools and
Financial aid information--
 | |  | |  | |  | |  |
| ''HEALTH INSURANCE: Your Health Insurance, what it should Cover? Things to Remember When Buying Health-care Insurance. ''==== HEALTH INSURANCE AND MEDICARE COVERAGE INFORMATION''/-/ ------- '' Urinary incontinence; Medical conditionn causes, symptoms. dianostic & treatments, -- -------- '' Heart Attack: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments - CONTINUE READING BELOW...... - |
| ..Life Insurance Advantages, Benefits, & Features While Alive and After Death... Learn More Here! ..Insurance General Information: Ways to Make Money & Save Money on Your Insurance. ..Term Insurance Advantages, Term Insurance General Knowledge. Buy the Term, and invest the difference. Learn More... ..Life Insurance Quote. Find out if You Pay too much for Your Insurance, Or Check How Much You Can Pay For a Life Insurance... ..Investment Products: Investing & Money Management Basics. FINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, TOOLS & RESOURCES. LEARN MORE... Insurance Products: How to make profits with the insurance companies? Learn More... -AMERICAN DOLLAR. What are the letters, numbers, and symbols, the latin words, The pyramid mean? FIND-OUT... ''10 PLACES NOT RECOMMENDED TO USE DEBIT CARDS:-- - Medical and Nursing Resource for professionals in the nursing industry- Information for licensed nurses, hospitals. | Nursing News, Nursing Jobs, Nurse Continuing Education, Nursing Schools and Financial aid information-- |
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'INVESTMENT & FINANCE: METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND STRATEGIES. WHERE, WHEN, HOW TO
INVEST?
-TIPS FOR HOME BUYERS -- Top 10 Home Buying Mistakes To Avoid--
ANTONY A PROFESSIONAL REALTOR. AT: 786- -- Fortune Int. Realty. --- CLIENTS COMPLETE
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED ! HOME-SELLING --
-' -REAL ESTATE SERVICES-- HOME-BUYING -
- REAL ESTATE INFO.---- MORTGAGE LOANS INFO. -- ''
'INVESTMENT & FINANCE: METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND STRATEGIES. WHERE, WHEN, HOW TO
INVEST?
-TIPS FOR HOME BUYERS -- Top 10 Home Buying Mistakes To Avoid--
| Everything You Need to Know About LIFE Insurance; SOUTH FLORIDA, Call The Representative At: 786 OR 3 AFFORDABLE LIFE INSURANCE: BEST PRICES, BEST PLAN, WITH THE BEST COMPANY. Do you know the 10 greatest benefits, advantages for people to have an insurance policy? If not, I will let you know! CONTACT Anthony AT: 786- ,,LIFE INSURANCE YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, WE HAVE ANSWERS. CALL ANTONY AT: WE HAVE A PLAN TO BETTER HELP YOURSELF, YOUR FAMILY, YOUR FRIENDS, AND OTHER FAMILIES TO BE PROPERLY PROTECTED. ANTONY- Phone 786-- Licensed Realtor, For All Real Estate Services Licensed Insurance Representative: For all insurance questions Financial Services Consultant: |
''IF YOU NEED HELP TO SELL
YOUR REAL ESTATE PROPERTY
IN SOUTH FLORIDA;
PLEASE CALL ANTONY A
PROFESSIONAL REALTOR. AT: -
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LET US HELP YOU SELLING
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YOUR REAL ESTATE PROPERTY
IN SOUTH FLORIDA;
PLEASE CALL ANTONY A
PROFESSIONAL REALTOR. AT: -
----------------------------------
ATTENTION SELLERS:
LET US HELP YOU SELLING
YOUR PROPERTY.
WITH US: IS MORE
ADVERTISEMENT,
MORE EXPOSURE,
MORE SHOWINGS,
MORE OFFERS, AND MORE
MONEY FOR YOUR PROPERTY!
YOUR PROPERTY WILL BE
MARKETING IN 13 DIFFERENT
LANGUAGES
CALL: 786- --- SOUTH
FLORIDA. --- WE,RE LICENSED
REALTOR & LICENSED
MORTGAGE
---------------------------
Selling Your Real Estate in
Least Amount of Time For The
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Expose Your Property to The
Most Potential Buyers. CALL
ANTHONY
AT: 786-
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Fast, Easy and Simple. Click
Here to Search!
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE AT
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Value, Low Interest rates.
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Motivated Sellers; Selling at
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--State Health Departments and
Services--
Medicine is the
science and practice
of the diagnosis,
treatment, and
prevention of
disease.
State departments of health promote
public health through policy
initiatives, research and smervice
programs. Often, a state's public
health administration is combined
with the provision of social services. "
Visitors to state health sites may find
directories of hospitals and nursing
homes, listings of licensed health
practitioners, health warnings,
information about federally-funded
programs such as Medicare and
Medicaid, vital statistics, reports on
specific health issues such as
alcoholism or drug or tobacco
addiction, mental health and disability
programs,
Social service websites may include
information and programs dealing
with welfare, early childhood
development, foster parenting,
poverty, juvenile deliquency, sex
offenders, aging, public assistance,
and rehabilitation. There may also be
listings of private social service
agencies.
-How the Health Care Overhaul Could
Affect You?-
KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM
Services--
Medicine is the
science and practice
of the diagnosis,
treatment, and
prevention of
disease.
State departments of health promote
public health through policy
initiatives, research and smervice
programs. Often, a state's public
health administration is combined
with the provision of social services. "
Visitors to state health sites may find
directories of hospitals and nursing
homes, listings of licensed health
practitioners, health warnings,
information about federally-funded
programs such as Medicare and
Medicaid, vital statistics, reports on
specific health issues such as
alcoholism or drug or tobacco
addiction, mental health and disability
programs,
Social service websites may include
information and programs dealing
with welfare, early childhood
development, foster parenting,
poverty, juvenile deliquency, sex
offenders, aging, public assistance,
and rehabilitation. There may also be
listings of private social service
agencies.
-How the Health Care Overhaul Could
Affect You?-
KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM
FOR LIFE INSURANCE NEEDS
& QUESTIONS.
SOUTH. FLORIDA,
CALL ANTHONY, THE
LICENSED INSURANCE
REPRESENTATIVE AT: 786-
''AFFORDABLE LIFE
INSURANCE: BEST PRICES,
BEST PLAN, WITH THE BEST
COMPANY.
& QUESTIONS.
SOUTH. FLORIDA,
CALL ANTHONY, THE
LICENSED INSURANCE
REPRESENTATIVE AT: 786-
''AFFORDABLE LIFE
INSURANCE: BEST PRICES,
BEST PLAN, WITH THE BEST
COMPANY.
| ''UNKNOWN SECRETS OF INSURANCE.. PROFITS, FEATURES, BENEFITS, ADVANTAGES. ''AFFORDABLE LIFE INSURANCE: BEST PRICES, BEST PLAN, WITH THE BEST COMPANY. |
-How the Health Care Overhaul
Could Affect You?-
-Affordable Health Care for America;
-Health care reform in the United States.
-Health-care law kicks into 2nd gear;
does it help ?--
The nation's new health care law starts
delivering protections and dollars-and-cents
benefits that Americans Need.
-How to Get Enroll in The New Health Care
Insurance Program?
Could Affect You?-
-Affordable Health Care for America;
-Health care reform in the United States.
-Health-care law kicks into 2nd gear;
does it help ?--
The nation's new health care law starts
delivering protections and dollars-and-cents
benefits that Americans Need.
-How to Get Enroll in The New Health Care
Insurance Program?
-How the Health Care
Overhaul Could Affect You?-
Affordable Health Care for
America; -Health care reform in the
United States.
-Health-care law kicks into
2nd gear; does it help ?--
The nation's new health care law
starts delivering protections and
dollars-and-cents benefits that
Americans Need.
-How to Get Enroll in The New Health
Care Insurance Program?
Overhaul Could Affect You?-
Affordable Health Care for
America; -Health care reform in the
United States.
-Health-care law kicks into
2nd gear; does it help ?--
The nation's new health care law
starts delivering protections and
dollars-and-cents benefits that
Americans Need.
-How to Get Enroll in The New Health
Care Insurance Program?
| ''UNKNOWN SECRETS OF INSURANCE.. PROFITS, FEATURES, BENEFITS, ADVANTAGES. ''AFFORDABLE LIFE INSURANCE: BEST PRICES, BEST PLAN, WITH THE BEST COMPANY. |
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Hill-Burton Free and
Reduced-Cost Health Care--
In 1946, Congress passed a law
that gave hospitals, nursing homes
and other health facilities grants
and loans for construction and
modernization.
In return, they agreed to provide a
reasonable volume of services to
persons unable to pay and to make
their services available to all
persons residing in the facility’s
area. The program stopped
providing funds in 1997, but about
200 health care facilities
nationwide are still obligated to
provide free or reduced-cost care.
-Find the Hill-Burton
obligated facility nearest
you from the list of Hill-
Burton obligated facilities.--
Reduced-Cost Health Care--
In 1946, Congress passed a law
that gave hospitals, nursing homes
and other health facilities grants
and loans for construction and
modernization.
In return, they agreed to provide a
reasonable volume of services to
persons unable to pay and to make
their services available to all
persons residing in the facility’s
area. The program stopped
providing funds in 1997, but about
200 health care facilities
nationwide are still obligated to
provide free or reduced-cost care.
-Find the Hill-Burton
obligated facility nearest
you from the list of Hill-
Burton obligated facilities.--
Get Affordable Health
Care
The Health Resources and
Services Administration
(HRSA) is an Agency within
the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. HRSA
provides funds to Health
Centers, hospitals, and other
care facilities to help people
get health care they can afford.
Medicare, Medicaid.--
Health centers provide health
and dental care to people of all
ages, whether or not they have
health insurance or the money
to pay for health care. Public
Health--
Find Insurance Options--
See which public, private and
community programs meet
your needs. -There are 4
options you should look into-
- UNITE STATES DEPARTMENT
OF LABOR - Health Plans &
Benefits-Wages
Unemployment Insurance (UI)
Health Plans & Benefits -
Continuation of Health
Coverage.--
Care
The Health Resources and
Services Administration
(HRSA) is an Agency within
the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. HRSA
provides funds to Health
Centers, hospitals, and other
care facilities to help people
get health care they can afford.
Medicare, Medicaid.--
Health centers provide health
and dental care to people of all
ages, whether or not they have
health insurance or the money
to pay for health care. Public
Health--
Find Insurance Options--
See which public, private and
community programs meet
your needs. -There are 4
options you should look into-
- UNITE STATES DEPARTMENT
OF LABOR - Health Plans &
Benefits-Wages
Unemployment Insurance (UI)
Health Plans & Benefits -
Continuation of Health
Coverage.--
''United States Department of Health and
Human Resources - Resource for Day
Care / Child Care Regulations for All 50
States :
''BETTER CARE, LOWER COSTS AT
LOWER COST--
''Learn More about Health Coverage in
your State -Applying for Affordable Kids
Health Insurance.
•MEDIKIDS: children ages 1 through 4.
•HEALTHY KIDS: children ages 5 through
18.
•CHILDREN’S MEDICAL SERVICES
NETWORK: children birth through 18 who
have special health care needs.
•MEDICAID: children birth through 18. A
child who has other health insurance
may still qualify for Medicaid.
Human Resources - Resource for Day
Care / Child Care Regulations for All 50
States :
''BETTER CARE, LOWER COSTS AT
LOWER COST--
''Learn More about Health Coverage in
your State -Applying for Affordable Kids
Health Insurance.
•MEDIKIDS: children ages 1 through 4.
•HEALTHY KIDS: children ages 5 through
18.
•CHILDREN’S MEDICAL SERVICES
NETWORK: children birth through 18 who
have special health care needs.
•MEDICAID: children birth through 18. A
child who has other health insurance
may still qualify for Medicaid.
LOW COST LIFE INSURANCE, BUT
VERY GOOD PLAN
VERY GOOD PLAN
LOW COST LIFE INSURANCE, BUT
VERY GOOD PLAN
VERY GOOD PLAN
''Boards of Nursing in the United States:
State-by-State Web Links, Apply For A
License,
Renew A License, Continue Education,
License Verification.
-Boards of Nursing have been
established by each state in the United
States to establish standards for safe
nursing care and issue licenses to
individuals to practice nursing. To reach
the Web site for any state's Board of
Nursing, click on your State link.
Many practitioners are familiar with the
Nurse Practice Act in their own states,
but they often need a quick link to the
nursing boards in other states. This
Medscape resource is designed to
provide just that.
State-by-State Web Links, Apply For A
License,
Renew A License, Continue Education,
License Verification.
-Boards of Nursing have been
established by each state in the United
States to establish standards for safe
nursing care and issue licenses to
individuals to practice nursing. To reach
the Web site for any state's Board of
Nursing, click on your State link.
Many practitioners are familiar with the
Nurse Practice Act in their own states,
but they often need a quick link to the
nursing boards in other states. This
Medscape resource is designed to
provide just that.
''Alabama Board of Nursing
''Alaska Board of Nursing
''Arizona State Board of Nursing
''Arkansas State Board of Nursing
'California Board of Registered Nursing
*California Board of Vocational
Nursing and Psychiatric Technicians
'Colorado Board of Nursing
''Connecticut Board of Examiners for
Nursing
'Delaware Board of Nursing
''District of Columbia Board of Nursing
''Florida Board of Nursing
''Georgia Board of Nursing
*Georgia State Board of Licensed
Practical Nurses
''Hawaii Board of Nursing
''Idaho Board of Nursing
''Illinois Division of Professional
Regulation
''Indiana State Board of Nursing
''Iowa Board of Nursing
''Kansas State Board of Nursing
''Kentucky Board of Nursing
''Louisiana State Board of Nursing
*Louisiana State Board of Practical
Nurse Examiners
''Maine State Board of Nursing
''Maryland Board of Nursing
''Massachusetts Board of Registration
in Nursing
''Michigan CIS/Bureau of Health
Professions
''Minnesota Board of Nursing
''Mississippi Board of Nursing
''Missouri Division of Professional
Registration
''Montana State Board of Nursing
''Nebraska Department of Health and
Human Services Regulation and
Licensure, Nursing and Nursing
Support
''Nevada State Board of Nursing
''New Hampshire Board of Nursing
''New Jersey Board of Nursing
''New Mexico Board of Nursing
''New York State Board of Nursing
''North Carolina Board of Nursing
''North Dakota Board of Nursing
''Ohio Board of Nursing
''Oklahoma Board of Nursing
''Oregon State Board of Nursing
''Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing
''Rhode Island Board of Nurse
Registration and Nursing Education
''South Carolina Board of Nursing
''South Dakota Board of Nursing
''Tennessee State Board of Nursing
''Texas Board of Nurse Examiners
''Utah State Board of Nursing
''Vermont State Board of Nursing
''Virginia Board of Nursing
''Washington State Nursing Care
Quality Assurance Commission
''West Virginia Board of Examiners for
Registered Professional Nurses
*West Virginia State Board of
Examiners for Licensed Practical Nurses
''Wisconsin Department of Regulation
and Licensing
''Wyoming State Board of Nursing
*Some states have separate Web
sites for boards of licensed practical
nursing.
''Alaska Board of Nursing
''Arizona State Board of Nursing
''Arkansas State Board of Nursing
'California Board of Registered Nursing
*California Board of Vocational
Nursing and Psychiatric Technicians
'Colorado Board of Nursing
''Connecticut Board of Examiners for
Nursing
'Delaware Board of Nursing
''District of Columbia Board of Nursing
''Florida Board of Nursing
''Georgia Board of Nursing
*Georgia State Board of Licensed
Practical Nurses
''Hawaii Board of Nursing
''Idaho Board of Nursing
''Illinois Division of Professional
Regulation
''Indiana State Board of Nursing
''Iowa Board of Nursing
''Kansas State Board of Nursing
''Kentucky Board of Nursing
''Louisiana State Board of Nursing
*Louisiana State Board of Practical
Nurse Examiners
''Maine State Board of Nursing
''Maryland Board of Nursing
''Massachusetts Board of Registration
in Nursing
''Michigan CIS/Bureau of Health
Professions
''Minnesota Board of Nursing
''Mississippi Board of Nursing
''Missouri Division of Professional
Registration
''Montana State Board of Nursing
''Nebraska Department of Health and
Human Services Regulation and
Licensure, Nursing and Nursing
Support
''Nevada State Board of Nursing
''New Hampshire Board of Nursing
''New Jersey Board of Nursing
''New Mexico Board of Nursing
''New York State Board of Nursing
''North Carolina Board of Nursing
''North Dakota Board of Nursing
''Ohio Board of Nursing
''Oklahoma Board of Nursing
''Oregon State Board of Nursing
''Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing
''Rhode Island Board of Nurse
Registration and Nursing Education
''South Carolina Board of Nursing
''South Dakota Board of Nursing
''Tennessee State Board of Nursing
''Texas Board of Nurse Examiners
''Utah State Board of Nursing
''Vermont State Board of Nursing
''Virginia Board of Nursing
''Washington State Nursing Care
Quality Assurance Commission
''West Virginia Board of Examiners for
Registered Professional Nurses
*West Virginia State Board of
Examiners for Licensed Practical Nurses
''Wisconsin Department of Regulation
and Licensing
''Wyoming State Board of Nursing
*Some states have separate Web
sites for boards of licensed practical
nursing.
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Nine Truths That Can Set You on the
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF PROSPERITY
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OBTAIN FINANCIAL FREEDOM,
BECOME A RICH PERSON; YES YOU
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INVESTING IN THE STOCK MARKET
YOU MUST LEARN THIS FIRST!...
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terms of the world financial market.-:
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SAVING; WAYS TO SAVE A LOT OF
MONEY AND GETTING RICHER.-
''INVESTING: The 7 New Rules of
Financial Security And The Secrets
of Self-Made Millionaires
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CAN HELP YOU FIND OUT WHAT'S
GOOD OR WHAT'S BAD AND ALSO
DETECT ID
THEFT!...
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Make Your First $1 Million.
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RESCUE IT, PROTECT IT, INCREASE
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REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT SECRETS
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It’s not the numbers, but what the
numbers are telling you. It’s not the
words, bu it's what the words are
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money have changed and it’s time
for you to get smart with your money!
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the most important and simple rule
of financial
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Federal, State, And Local. Find Any
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''INVESTORS: CREATIVE FINANCING:
TOP 10 CREATIVE FINANCING
TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES TO
FIND MONEY TO INVEST!
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About Trading and Investing in
Leveraged ETFs..-
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WHERE TO FIND MONEY TO BUY A
PROPERTY? Financing your real
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the Term, and invest the difference.
Learn More...
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MONEY & SAVE MONEY ON YOUR
INSURANCE.
''LIFE INSURANCE: Ways to Reduce
Your Life Insurance Premium; Learn
the importance and benefits of life
insurance in real life.
''..Life Insurance Quote. Find out if
You Pay too
much for Your Insurance, Or Check
How Much
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--OR
METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND
STRATEGIES. WHERE, WHEN, HOW
TO INVEST?
-Financial Service Company. What
We Do, How we do it? EVERYTHING
YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT
INSURANCE & INVESTMENT.-
''''what you should do with your
money in the wake of the financial
crisis? HERE ARE THE SAFEST
PLACES WHERE YOU CAN PUT YOUR
MONEY AND HAVE PEACE OF MIND.--
-
'' ''Market Advice: The
definition of terms and
terminology in the investment
world. -- NEWS LETTER //-
''Business Opportunity: Start
your own business EASY &
SIMPLE, be your own boss,
make extra money
-Auto Insurance: The More You
Know, The Less You pay. The
10 Best Ways to Lower Your
Car Insurance
'' USAJOBS - State and Local
Government Opportunities--
Employment, Jobs, career. -
-How to Become Wealthy?
Nine Truths That Can Set You on the
Path to Financial Freedom--
-AMERICAN DOLLAR: What are the
letters, numbers, and symbols, the
latin words mean?
-Money Management- Counterfeit
Combat: Defense Is in the Details.
How to reconize and combat
counterfeit money?
-'INVESTMENT & FINANCE:
METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND
STRATEGIES. WHERE, WHEN, HOW
TO INVEST?
-Banking And Finance Knowledge.
The more you know the closer you
are to accomplish great success..
-The Role of Money in Our Life
THE ARCHITECTURE OF PROSPERITY
-RICH GUIDE: WHY AREN'T YOU RICH?
BUILDING FINANCIAL WEALTH,
OBTAIN FINANCIAL FREEDOM,
BECOME A RICH PERSON; YES YOU
CAN.
-Ten Resolutions to Make Your
Financial Life Easier- Counterfeit
Combat: Defense Is in the Details...
-A step by step guide to gaining
control of your financial life.-The
Successful Investment Journey, Ten
Tips For The Successful Investors -
-How to Make Money Online With Or
Without a Website. ''INVESTING:
MAKE YOURSELF RICHER BY
INVESTING THE RIGHT WAY IN THE
RIGHT PRODUCTS.-
''Money: 45 Ways to Improve Your
Finances This Year.-
''FORTUNE IN Stock Market ; BEFORE
INVESTING IN THE STOCK MARKET
YOU MUST LEARN THIS FIRST!...
'' Market advice; The Definition Of the
terms of the world financial market.-:
''SAVING MONEY: THE SECRETS OF
SAVING; WAYS TO SAVE A LOT OF
MONEY AND GETTING RICHER.-
''INVESTING: The 7 New Rules of
Financial Security And The Secrets
of Self-Made Millionaires
''Free Credit Report: THIS REPORT
CAN HELP YOU FIND OUT WHAT'S
GOOD OR WHAT'S BAD AND ALSO
DETECT ID
THEFT!...
''The Millionaire's Mindset How To
Make Your First $1 Million.
''CREDIT: SAVE YOUR CREDIT,
RESCUE IT, PROTECT IT, INCREASE
YOUR SCORE..
''FINANCIAL REPORT, headline news:
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT SECRETS
REVEALED, REAL ESTATE CAN HELP
YOU GET RICHER THE QUICKEST,
EASIEST WAY POSSIBLE..
''FINANCIAL FREEDOM: A SMARTEST
WAY TO PREPARE A BETTER FUTURE
IS TO PLAN TODAY TO OBTAIN A
COMPLETE FINANCIAL FREEDOM..
''FINANCIAL AID: FREE SCHOLARSHIP
FOR SCHOOL, FREE GOVERNMENT
GRANTS MONEY FOR
SCHOOL..
''ACCOUNTING: The Basics of
Accounting --
It’s not the numbers, but what the
numbers are telling you. It’s not the
words, bu it's what the words are
telling ..
'' RULES OF SUCCESS-The rules of
money have changed and it’s time
for you to get smart with your money!
''Rule Of 72: The compound interest
and financial success Rule Of 72 is
the most important and simple rule
of financial
success.
''''Government General Information:
Federal, State, And Local. Find Any
Agency
You desire.-
''INVESTORS: CREATIVE FINANCING:
TOP 10 CREATIVE FINANCING
TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES TO
FIND MONEY TO INVEST!
''Index Fund: What You Need to Know
About Trading and Investing in
Leveraged ETFs..-
'' MORTGAGE HOUSE: HOW AND
WHERE TO FIND MONEY TO BUY A
PROPERTY? Financing your real
estate investment; easy
steps, fast & simple.
''..Term Insurance Advantages, Term
Insurance General Knowledge. Buy
the Term, and invest the difference.
Learn More...
''INSURANCE GENERAL
INFORMATION: WAYS TO MAKE
MONEY & SAVE MONEY ON YOUR
INSURANCE.
''LIFE INSURANCE: Ways to Reduce
Your Life Insurance Premium; Learn
the importance and benefits of life
insurance in real life.
''..Life Insurance Quote. Find out if
You Pay too
much for Your Insurance, Or Check
How Much
You Can Pay For a Life Insurance...
''.Insurance Products: How to make
profits with the insurance
companies? Learn More...
--OR
| ''Medical and Nursing Resource for professionals in the nursing industry- Information on licensed practical nurses, hospitals. | Nursing News, Nursing Jobs, Nurse Continuing Education, Nursing Schools and Financial aid information.- |
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20 Best Cancer Fighting Foods - Cancer can be
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(Health Care) READ MORE...
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could be hard for you to believe their age... Ways To
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Healthy is not delicious. Usually what's good for the
mouth is not always good for the body; Vice a Versa,
What's good for the body not always taste good in
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Nurses Of America. Have you been thinking about
pursuing a career in health care Or Advancing Your
Career In Health Care?
Now is the time to stop thinking and start moving
toward your goal. “The economy goes up, the
economy goes down, but people will always need
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'' Start Your Medical Assisting Education - Start your
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Medical Billing & Coding - Dental Assisting or Dental
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Start Your Registered Nurse (RN) - Start Your Patient
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Are Out There, Here’s How To Find Them..// FREE
TAX FILING IN YOUR AREA. HOW TO PAY LESS TAX
AND MAKE MORE MONEY WITH IRS... (Institute)
'' Ways To Get A Bigger Tax Refund This Year. And
what do you really know bout
insurance TAXES... MORE CASH FOR YOUR
POCKETS. READ MORE...
'' Supplements that Help Lower Cholesterol -=
20 Best Cancer Fighting Foods - Cancer can be
cured with a nutritious. (Nursing)
''NURSING AND MEDICAL CAREER: HERE YOU
CAN FIND A BETTER WAY TO START A NURSING
CAREER, OR
ADVANCE YOUR NURSING CAREER TO HIGHER
LEVEL... NURSING PROGRAMS FROM A TO Z. ”
Introduction to The Best Nursing And Medical
Programs...(NOA)
'' Boards of Nursing in the United States And
Canada: State-by-State Web Links, Apply For A
License, Renew A License, Continue Education,
License Verification.. (N.O.A.)
'' Motivational - Inspirational: HERE ARE..''
''Inspirational Words Of Wisdom - ''Encouragement -
Friendship -''Life -
Love - SEX - Relationships - Faith - Forgiveness
Positive Thoughts - Motivation - Marriage - Dating.
(Education)
'' Ten (10) Anti-Cancer Foods You Should Always
Eat:=
According to Department of Health, cancer currently
ranks as one of the major cause of mortality and
morbidity...
(Health Care) READ MORE...
'' The Ten (10) Commandments for a Younger
looking You! Ways To Look Forever Young... Age is
just a number. You’ll find lots men and women, it
could be hard for you to believe their age... Ways To
Stay Young, Look Young, Feel Young!
'' Medical Education and training.-- Nursing
Scholarships and Grants. FREE MONEY to advance
your in the medical field. Financial Aid: Nursing
Scholarships and Grants-
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'' The medical and the nursing industry: Good Stuffs
you may not know yet. Learn them now - Right Here -
Right now..
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Specialist (CNS) , Nurse Administrator / Manager ,
Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), Nurse Consultant,
Nurse Educator, Nurse Midwife, Nurse Practitioner
(NP), Nurse Researcher. READ MORE...
'' Health Care And Nursing Blog: Tips on Healthy
Eating .
Healthy is not delicious. Usually what's good for the
mouth is not always good for the body; Vice a Versa,
What's good for the body not always taste good in
the mouth... (Tblr)
'' History of Nursing In America / Nursing Alliance /
Nurses Of America. Have you been thinking about
pursuing a career in health care Or Advancing Your
Career In Health Care?
Now is the time to stop thinking and start moving
toward your goal. “The economy goes up, the
economy goes down, but people will always need
health care,” WP
'' Start Your Medical Assisting Education - Start your
LPN License Practical Nurse Education - Start Your
Medical Billing & Coding - Dental Assisting or Dental
Hygiene -
Start Your Registered Nurse (RN) - Start Your Patient
Care & Therapy ETC. LEARN MORE... b-spot
| '' Insurance Of America //- Life Insurance - Health Care Insurance //- Long-Term Care Insurance //- Insurance 101 //- Nurses Of America - '' Medical Resources //- Nursing & Nurses - //' ' Long-Term Care Insurance Blog - //'' Life Insurance Blog //- Health Care Insurance Blog -// Nurses & Medical Blog - |
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Alliance Of America /
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is on twitter''
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Education, Nursing Schools and Financial aid information.
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opportunity to serve and nurse the needful. Just like doctors, nurses are a crucial asset for
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Medical and Nursing Resource for professionals in the nursing industry- Information on LPN,
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Nurse on practice manikin Nursing is one of those career choices that give people an
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the health care industry. - TWIT WITH US ON TWITTER.''
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Modern Health Care
Every Life deserve world class care
Health Care challenges; The two biggest
challenges of rapid growth health care,
today more Americans are turning age 65
or older than anytime in history, so many
people entering in the medicare system
every day.
This leading to heavy cost for the
government.
---------------
Chronic illnesses, diseases account for
about 75% of health care costs and the
majority
---------
We've seen a huge rise this year in
telemedicine visits, when patients see a
doctor via phone or videoconferencing
from the comfort of home.
Every Life deserve world class care
Health Care challenges; The two biggest
challenges of rapid growth health care,
today more Americans are turning age 65
or older than anytime in history, so many
people entering in the medicare system
every day.
This leading to heavy cost for the
government.
---------------
Chronic illnesses, diseases account for
about 75% of health care costs and the
majority
---------
We've seen a huge rise this year in
telemedicine visits, when patients see a
doctor via phone or videoconferencing
from the comfort of home.
Heart Attack: Symptoms,
Diagnosis and Treatments
Heart attack is the death of
a segment of heart muscle
caused by the loss of blood
supply.
The blood supply is usually lost because a
coronary artery, one that supplies blood to
the heart muscle, has a blood clot, a
blockage (coronary thrombosis).
If some of the heart muscle dies, the
patient experiences chest pain and
electrical instability of the heart muscle
tissue.
Other terms used for a heart attack include
myocardial infarction, cardiac infarction and
coronary thrombosis (Infarction = the
process whereby an area of dead tissue is
caused by a loss of blood supply).
Blood supply to the heart can also be
undermined if the artery suddenly narrows,
as in a spasm.
According to the American Heart
Association:
The animation above shows how plaque
buildup, or a coronary artery spasm, can
eventually lead to a heart attack, and how
a heart attack can occur when blood flow in
a coronary artery is blocked.
During a heart attack the heart muscle that
loses its blood supply starts to suffer injury.
How much damage occurs depends on the
size of the area that is supplied by the
blocked artery, as well as the lapse in time
between injury and treatment.
The damaged heart muscle heals by
forming scar tissue. The healing process
may take several weeks.
Despite severe injury to a part of the heart,
the rest of the organ carries on working.
However, as part of the heart has been
damaged, it will probably be weaker and
will not pump as much blood as it used to.
With the right treatment and lifestyle
changes, further damage can be prevented
or limited.
Symptoms of a heart attack
The following are signs and symptoms for
diagnosing a heart attack:
Chest discomfort, mild pain - a study
published in JAMA Internal Medicine
reported that one fifth of younger women
having a heart attack experience no chest
pain. The researchers defined younger
women as those aged up to 55 years.
Coughing.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Crushing chest pain (see comment above
on "mild pain").
Dizziness.
Dyspnea (shortness of breath).
Face seems gray.
A feeling of terror that your life is coming to
its end.
Feeling really awful (general feeling).
Restlessness.
The patient is clammy and sweaty.
If you experience these symptoms, or
witness another person with them, call the
emergency services immediately.
In the United Kingdom the telephone
number is 999, in the USA and Canada it is
911, Australia 000, and New Zealand 111.
When somebody has a heart attack, they
usually feel pain in their chest first. The
pain then spreads to the neck, jaw, ears,
arms, and wrists. The pain may also make
its way into the shoulder blades, the back,
and the abdomen.
Changing position, resting or lying down
does not alleviate the pain.
It is typically a constant pain, but it may
sometimes come and go. Patients describe
the pain as one of pressure, like a clamp
squeezing inside your chest. The pain can
last from a few minutes to many hours.
Silent heart attack
People with diabetes, and/or those over
the age of 75 may experience a "silent
heart attack", one with no pain at all.
Painless heart attacks are more common
among women than men.
Diagnosis and Treatments
Heart attack is the death of
a segment of heart muscle
caused by the loss of blood
supply.
The blood supply is usually lost because a
coronary artery, one that supplies blood to
the heart muscle, has a blood clot, a
blockage (coronary thrombosis).
If some of the heart muscle dies, the
patient experiences chest pain and
electrical instability of the heart muscle
tissue.
Other terms used for a heart attack include
myocardial infarction, cardiac infarction and
coronary thrombosis (Infarction = the
process whereby an area of dead tissue is
caused by a loss of blood supply).
Blood supply to the heart can also be
undermined if the artery suddenly narrows,
as in a spasm.
According to the American Heart
Association:
The animation above shows how plaque
buildup, or a coronary artery spasm, can
eventually lead to a heart attack, and how
a heart attack can occur when blood flow in
a coronary artery is blocked.
During a heart attack the heart muscle that
loses its blood supply starts to suffer injury.
How much damage occurs depends on the
size of the area that is supplied by the
blocked artery, as well as the lapse in time
between injury and treatment.
The damaged heart muscle heals by
forming scar tissue. The healing process
may take several weeks.
Despite severe injury to a part of the heart,
the rest of the organ carries on working.
However, as part of the heart has been
damaged, it will probably be weaker and
will not pump as much blood as it used to.
With the right treatment and lifestyle
changes, further damage can be prevented
or limited.
Symptoms of a heart attack
The following are signs and symptoms for
diagnosing a heart attack:
Chest discomfort, mild pain - a study
published in JAMA Internal Medicine
reported that one fifth of younger women
having a heart attack experience no chest
pain. The researchers defined younger
women as those aged up to 55 years.
Coughing.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Crushing chest pain (see comment above
on "mild pain").
Dizziness.
Dyspnea (shortness of breath).
Face seems gray.
A feeling of terror that your life is coming to
its end.
Feeling really awful (general feeling).
Restlessness.
The patient is clammy and sweaty.
If you experience these symptoms, or
witness another person with them, call the
emergency services immediately.
In the United Kingdom the telephone
number is 999, in the USA and Canada it is
911, Australia 000, and New Zealand 111.
When somebody has a heart attack, they
usually feel pain in their chest first. The
pain then spreads to the neck, jaw, ears,
arms, and wrists. The pain may also make
its way into the shoulder blades, the back,
and the abdomen.
Changing position, resting or lying down
does not alleviate the pain.
It is typically a constant pain, but it may
sometimes come and go. Patients describe
the pain as one of pressure, like a clamp
squeezing inside your chest. The pain can
last from a few minutes to many hours.
Silent heart attack
People with diabetes, and/or those over
the age of 75 may experience a "silent
heart attack", one with no pain at all.
Painless heart attacks are more common
among women than men.
Causes of a heart attack
The following are possible factors associated with
increased risk of heart attack.
1) Age
Age is the largest risk factor for heart attacks. When a man is over 45 years, and a
woman is over 55 years of age, their risk of having a heart attack starts to rise
significantly.
A senior man clutches his chest at work
Age is said to be the biggest risk factor for heart attacks.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, found that the visible physical
signs of aging, such as the accumulation of fatty deposits on the eyelids and baldness are
associated with a higher risk of developing heart disease and having a heart attack.
Senior researcher, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, said "The visible signs of aging reflect
physiologic or biological age, not chronological age, and are independent of chronological
age."
The researchers found that a receding hairline, baldness, earlobe crease and
xanthelasmata (fatty deposits around the eyelids) increased heart attack risk by 57%
and ischemic heart disease by 39%.
They presented their findings at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2012
in Los Angeles.
2) Angina
Angina is an illness where not enough oxygen is reaching the patient's heart. This raises
the risk of a heart attack. In some cases a diagnosis of angina was wrong - it could have
been a mild heart attack instead.
The main difference between a heart attack and angina is that the patient with angina
will feel better about 15 to 30 minutes after taking medication, while the heart attack
patient won't.
3) Blood cholesterol levels
If a person's blood cholesterol levels are high, he/she runs a higher risk of developing
blood clots in the arteries. Blood clots can block the supply of blood to the heart muscle,
causing a heart attack.
4) Living near major highways
Heart attack survivors who live near major highways have a 27% higher risk of another
heart attack within a decade compared to survivors who live further away, researchers
from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center reported in the journal Circulation (May
2012 issue).
The researchers compared heart attack survivors who lived within 328 feet (100 meters)
or less from a major highway to their counterparts who lived at least 3,280 feet (1,000
meters) away.
5) Diabetes
People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing several diseases and conditions,
many of them contribute to a higher risk of heart attack.
6) Diet
A person who consumes large quantities of, for example, animal fats, or saturated fats,
will eventually have a higher risk of having a heart attack.
7) Gut bacteria can cause heart problems
The action of bacteria in the intestines on certain compounds contained in digested food,
especially lecithin, is linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, researchers
from the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, reported in NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine
(April 2013 issue). Eggs are rich in lecithin.
A growing number of studies have been suggesting a link between the action of gut
bacteria and heart attack and stroke risk.
In another study, published in Nature Medicine (April 2013 issue), scientists explained
that L-carnitine, a compound added to energy drinks and found in red meat, may increase
heart risk, because gut bacteria digest it and produce TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide).
TMAO is a metabolite that experts believe clogs up the arteries.
8) Genes
You can inherit a higher risk of heart attack from your parents, and/or their parents. A
person whose sibling died of a heart attack has a higher risk of suffering a fatal heart
attack, a report published in the Journal of the American Heart Association informed.
9) Heart surgery
Patients who have had heart surgery have a higher risk of having a heart attack.
10) Hypertension (high blood pressure)
This could be due to lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity, diabetes, genes, and
some other factors.
11) Obesity, overweight
As more and more people are overweight, especially children, experts believe heart
attacks will become more common in future (if the overweight children become
overweight adults).
12) Physical inactivity
People who do not exercise have a much higher risk of having a heart attack, compared
to people who exercise regularly.
13) Previous heart attack
Anybody who has already had a heart attack is more likely to have another one,
compared to other people.
14) Smoking
People who smoke heavily or regularly run a much higher risk of heart attack, compared
to people who never smoked and those who gave up. Smoking regularly means smoking
every day.
15) Being HIV positive
People who are HIV positive have a 50% higher risk of heart attack, researchers
reported in JAMA Internal Medicine (March 2013 issue)
16) Work stress
If you have a very demanding job, not much freedom to make decisions, i.e. a job with a
lot of stress, your risk of heart attack is higher-than-normal, researchers from University
College London reported in The Lancet.
Shift work was also linked to a higher risk of heart attack, according to an analysis that
reviewed studies covering over two million people.
17) Calcium supplements
A study published in the journal Heart (May 2012 issue), which analyzed data on nearly
24,000 people over a ten-year period, suggested that taking calcium supplements may
raise the risk of heart attack.
The following are possible factors associated with
increased risk of heart attack.
1) Age
Age is the largest risk factor for heart attacks. When a man is over 45 years, and a
woman is over 55 years of age, their risk of having a heart attack starts to rise
significantly.
A senior man clutches his chest at work
Age is said to be the biggest risk factor for heart attacks.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, found that the visible physical
signs of aging, such as the accumulation of fatty deposits on the eyelids and baldness are
associated with a higher risk of developing heart disease and having a heart attack.
Senior researcher, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, said "The visible signs of aging reflect
physiologic or biological age, not chronological age, and are independent of chronological
age."
The researchers found that a receding hairline, baldness, earlobe crease and
xanthelasmata (fatty deposits around the eyelids) increased heart attack risk by 57%
and ischemic heart disease by 39%.
They presented their findings at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2012
in Los Angeles.
2) Angina
Angina is an illness where not enough oxygen is reaching the patient's heart. This raises
the risk of a heart attack. In some cases a diagnosis of angina was wrong - it could have
been a mild heart attack instead.
The main difference between a heart attack and angina is that the patient with angina
will feel better about 15 to 30 minutes after taking medication, while the heart attack
patient won't.
3) Blood cholesterol levels
If a person's blood cholesterol levels are high, he/she runs a higher risk of developing
blood clots in the arteries. Blood clots can block the supply of blood to the heart muscle,
causing a heart attack.
4) Living near major highways
Heart attack survivors who live near major highways have a 27% higher risk of another
heart attack within a decade compared to survivors who live further away, researchers
from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center reported in the journal Circulation (May
2012 issue).
The researchers compared heart attack survivors who lived within 328 feet (100 meters)
or less from a major highway to their counterparts who lived at least 3,280 feet (1,000
meters) away.
5) Diabetes
People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing several diseases and conditions,
many of them contribute to a higher risk of heart attack.
6) Diet
A person who consumes large quantities of, for example, animal fats, or saturated fats,
will eventually have a higher risk of having a heart attack.
7) Gut bacteria can cause heart problems
The action of bacteria in the intestines on certain compounds contained in digested food,
especially lecithin, is linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, researchers
from the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA, reported in NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine
(April 2013 issue). Eggs are rich in lecithin.
A growing number of studies have been suggesting a link between the action of gut
bacteria and heart attack and stroke risk.
In another study, published in Nature Medicine (April 2013 issue), scientists explained
that L-carnitine, a compound added to energy drinks and found in red meat, may increase
heart risk, because gut bacteria digest it and produce TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide).
TMAO is a metabolite that experts believe clogs up the arteries.
8) Genes
You can inherit a higher risk of heart attack from your parents, and/or their parents. A
person whose sibling died of a heart attack has a higher risk of suffering a fatal heart
attack, a report published in the Journal of the American Heart Association informed.
9) Heart surgery
Patients who have had heart surgery have a higher risk of having a heart attack.
10) Hypertension (high blood pressure)
This could be due to lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity, diabetes, genes, and
some other factors.
11) Obesity, overweight
As more and more people are overweight, especially children, experts believe heart
attacks will become more common in future (if the overweight children become
overweight adults).
12) Physical inactivity
People who do not exercise have a much higher risk of having a heart attack, compared
to people who exercise regularly.
13) Previous heart attack
Anybody who has already had a heart attack is more likely to have another one,
compared to other people.
14) Smoking
People who smoke heavily or regularly run a much higher risk of heart attack, compared
to people who never smoked and those who gave up. Smoking regularly means smoking
every day.
15) Being HIV positive
People who are HIV positive have a 50% higher risk of heart attack, researchers
reported in JAMA Internal Medicine (March 2013 issue)
16) Work stress
If you have a very demanding job, not much freedom to make decisions, i.e. a job with a
lot of stress, your risk of heart attack is higher-than-normal, researchers from University
College London reported in The Lancet.
Shift work was also linked to a higher risk of heart attack, according to an analysis that
reviewed studies covering over two million people.
17) Calcium supplements
A study published in the journal Heart (May 2012 issue), which analyzed data on nearly
24,000 people over a ten-year period, suggested that taking calcium supplements may
raise the risk of heart attack.
Diagnosis of heart attacks
Any doctor, nurse, or health care
professional, will send a patient
straight to hospital if he/she suspects
the person may have a heart attack.
In hospital several tests may be done:
ECG (Electrocardiograph)
An ECG is a medical device that monitors the
electrical activity of the heart muscles. Our hearts
produce a small electric signal at every beat. A
heart specialist (cardiologist) can use this device to
see how well the heart is functioning, whether
there is any damage to the heart muscle, or
abnormalities with the heart rhythm.
A doctor can tell, when checking the data coming
from the ECG, whether the patient has had a heart
attack recently, or even earlier.
Cardiac enzyme tests
When a person has a heart attack some enzymes
make their way into the bloodstream. A blood test
can detect these enzymes. Usually, enzyme blood
levels are checked regularly over a few days.
Chest x-ray
This can be useful to see if the
heart has any swelling.
On the next page we look at the available
treatments for heart attack sufferers, including
treatments carried out during a heart attack and
those used when the patient is in recovery.
-----------------
======================
What is coronary heart disease (coronary artery
disease)? What causes coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as
coronary artery disease is a narrowing of the blood
vessels (coronary arteries) that supply oxygen and
blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a
major cause of illness and death.
Coronary heart disease is generally caused by
atherosclerosis - when plaque (cholesterol
substances) accumulates on the artery walls,
causing them to narrow, resulting in less blood flow
to the heart.
Sometimes a clot may form which can obstruct the
flow of blood to heart muscle. Coronary heart
disease commonly causes angina pectoris (chest
pain), shortness of breath, heart attack
(myocardial infarction) and other symptoms.
The coronary arteries are called so because they
encircle the heart like a crown. The Latin word
corona means "crown".
According to the National Institutes of Health
(NIH), USA, coronary heart disease is the leading
cause of death for males and females in the USA.
17.6 million Americans were thought to have had
the condition in 2006. It caused the death of over
425,000 people in the USA in 2006.
According to the National Health Service (NHS),
UK, coronary heart disease causes the death of 1
in every 4 men and 1 in every 6 women in the
United Kingdom - it is the UK's biggest killer. The
risk of developing the disease increases with age.
More males are affected than females.
About the heart - the heart is a muscle, about the
same size as an adult human fist. It beats about 70
times per minute and pumps oxygen-rich blood
around the body.
After leaving the heart, blood goes to the lungs
where it gathers oxygen. This oxygen-rich blood
returns to the heart (from the lungs) and is
pumped to organs throughout the body through
arteries.
The blood returns to the heart through veins and is
pumped to the lungs again. This whole process of
blood going to the lungs from the heart, then back,
and then to organs and then back, and then to the
lungs again, is called circulation.
Coronary arteries are the heart's own network of
blood vessels; they exist on the surface of the
heart - they supply the heart muscle with oxygen.
What are the signs and symptoms of coronary
heart disease (coronary artery disease)?
A symptom is something the patient senses and
describes, while a sign is something other people,
such as the doctor notice. For example, drowsiness
may be a symptom while dilated pupils may be a
sign.
Any doctor, nurse, or health care
professional, will send a patient
straight to hospital if he/she suspects
the person may have a heart attack.
In hospital several tests may be done:
ECG (Electrocardiograph)
An ECG is a medical device that monitors the
electrical activity of the heart muscles. Our hearts
produce a small electric signal at every beat. A
heart specialist (cardiologist) can use this device to
see how well the heart is functioning, whether
there is any damage to the heart muscle, or
abnormalities with the heart rhythm.
A doctor can tell, when checking the data coming
from the ECG, whether the patient has had a heart
attack recently, or even earlier.
Cardiac enzyme tests
When a person has a heart attack some enzymes
make their way into the bloodstream. A blood test
can detect these enzymes. Usually, enzyme blood
levels are checked regularly over a few days.
Chest x-ray
This can be useful to see if the
heart has any swelling.
On the next page we look at the available
treatments for heart attack sufferers, including
treatments carried out during a heart attack and
those used when the patient is in recovery.
-----------------
======================
What is coronary heart disease (coronary artery
disease)? What causes coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as
coronary artery disease is a narrowing of the blood
vessels (coronary arteries) that supply oxygen and
blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a
major cause of illness and death.
Coronary heart disease is generally caused by
atherosclerosis - when plaque (cholesterol
substances) accumulates on the artery walls,
causing them to narrow, resulting in less blood flow
to the heart.
Sometimes a clot may form which can obstruct the
flow of blood to heart muscle. Coronary heart
disease commonly causes angina pectoris (chest
pain), shortness of breath, heart attack
(myocardial infarction) and other symptoms.
The coronary arteries are called so because they
encircle the heart like a crown. The Latin word
corona means "crown".
According to the National Institutes of Health
(NIH), USA, coronary heart disease is the leading
cause of death for males and females in the USA.
17.6 million Americans were thought to have had
the condition in 2006. It caused the death of over
425,000 people in the USA in 2006.
According to the National Health Service (NHS),
UK, coronary heart disease causes the death of 1
in every 4 men and 1 in every 6 women in the
United Kingdom - it is the UK's biggest killer. The
risk of developing the disease increases with age.
More males are affected than females.
About the heart - the heart is a muscle, about the
same size as an adult human fist. It beats about 70
times per minute and pumps oxygen-rich blood
around the body.
After leaving the heart, blood goes to the lungs
where it gathers oxygen. This oxygen-rich blood
returns to the heart (from the lungs) and is
pumped to organs throughout the body through
arteries.
The blood returns to the heart through veins and is
pumped to the lungs again. This whole process of
blood going to the lungs from the heart, then back,
and then to organs and then back, and then to the
lungs again, is called circulation.
Coronary arteries are the heart's own network of
blood vessels; they exist on the surface of the
heart - they supply the heart muscle with oxygen.
What are the signs and symptoms of coronary
heart disease (coronary artery disease)?
A symptom is something the patient senses and
describes, while a sign is something other people,
such as the doctor notice. For example, drowsiness
may be a symptom while dilated pupils may be a
sign.
Warning Signs of a Heart
Attack
People also ask
How do you get a heart attack?
What are the warning signs of a heart attack?
What happens to your body when you have a
heart attack?
Can you have a blood clot in your heart?
------------------
Signs & Symptoms of a Heart
Attack
Knowing the signs and symptoms of a heart
attack can save a life. Those who seek
immediate treatment greatly increase their
chances of survival. People who don’t know
that they are experiencing a heart attack will
often wait too long before seeking help.
Heart attacks are the leading cause of death in
the United States, and half of those deaths
occur because there was not enough time to
get medical treatment.
The following ten signs commonly show up
during a heart attack and serve as a warning
that emergency medical help needs to be called.
1. Chest Pain
One of most common signs of a heart attack is
chest discomfort. Feelings of pressure,
squeezing, fullness or pain in the chest area
can signal that the heart is not functioning
properly. Because there can be other causes
for this symptom, having chest pain does not
always signal a heart problem.
Similar symptoms are also associated with
other conditions that include respiratory
infections, acid reflux and pinched nerves.
However, it is important to take action quickly
to prevent heart damage, so seeking medical
attention to determine the cause for severe
chest discomfort is usually recommended.
-----------------
Discomfort in Upper Body
The pain and discomfort associated with have a
heart attack is not always limited to the chest
area. Back pain and jaw pain are often
associated with myocardial infarctions,
especially in women.
These areas are often more sensitive to pain
which is why they sometimes present with
symptoms related to the heart.
Shooting pains that run down either arm are
also signs that there is a problem with blood
flow to the heart.
Jaw pain typically does not present as the only
symptom, so if this type of pain is associated
with other signs on this list or feelings of strong
anxiety, it could signal a heart attack.
--------------------
Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath is frequently associated
with myocardial infarction. Because the heart is
responsible for pumping the blood which carries
oxygen throughout the body, being unable to
take deep breaths can signal a heart problem.
Shortness of breath indicates that the body is
not getting enough oxygen.
During a heart attack, this symptom indicates
that blood flow to the heart has been
compromised. When the heart cannot pump
blood, oxygen cannot get to the cells in the
body.
This symptom is usually accompanied by other
signs such as fatigue and dizziness.
Shortness of Breath
-----------------------
Cold Sweat and Anxiety
Profusely sweating is also associated with
heart attacks. The feeling of anxiety or dread is
the body's reaction to having restricted blood
flow to the heart muscle.
Many people have anxiety problems that are
unrelated to heart issues, but when cold
sweats occur along with other symptoms of a
heart attack, it is important to seek medical
treatment right way.
Those who suffer from anxiety without heart
problems need to take steps to treat the
anxiety, because the body gets flooded with
adrenaline during a panic attack. Over time,
this can put a strain on the heart.
--------------------
Nausea
While nausea is associated with a variety of
health concerns, it is especially associated with
heart attacks when accompanied by other
symptoms.
This occurs because the digestive system is not
getting enough blood. This, in turn, prevents
the digestive system from functioning properly.
While most people don't think about nausea as
being associated with heart problems, it can be
a sign that a person is having a heart attack.
Nausea that occurs alongside other symptoms
can indicate that a person is having a heart
attack.
---------------
Indigestion
Indigestion can be another symptom. Its cause
is identical with the reason nausea often occurs
during a heart attack.
Because the heart is attempting to direct blood
flow to the most vital organs, less blood is going
to the stomach.
This leads to indigestion because the body is
not attempting to digest food properly.
Instead, it is focused on getting blood to the
heart.
Another symptom that is often overlooked,
indigestion that is concurrent with other
symptoms can be a sign of a heart attack.
------------------
Fatigue
When the body is oxygen deprived, fatigue
follows quickly. Because during a heart attack,
blood flow to the heart is restricted, feelings of
extreme tiredness can be a symptom. To make
up for the lack of oxygen, the heart will pull
blood from organs that aren't vital.
This causes the body to feel suddenly fatigued.
While fatigue by itself does not usually indicate
a problem with the heart, if it occurs suddenly
and presents along with other symptoms, it
could be related to a heart attack.
-------------
Dizziness
Dizziness is sometimes the first sign of a heart
attack. This occurs because blood flow to the
brain has been restricted.
The dizzy feeling is sometimes so severe during
a heart attack that people actually do faint.
This is especially dangerous because it can lead
to other injuries.
At the first sign of lightheadedness, it is
important to get to a seated position to prevent
falls. Because there can be other causes for
dizziness, many people often overlook this
important
---------------------
Flu-Like Symptoms
Sometimes a heart attack will cause flu-like
symptoms. Normally, the flu does not cause
chest pains, so any related symptoms that
happen along with chest pain are cause for
concern.
Because the flu presents an additional risk for
those who have heart problems, it is important
for anyone who has chest pain that occurs
alongside flu symptoms to call 911.
Vomiting and nausea is especially common
among women who are having heart attacks.
Men seem to experience this particular
symptom less often.
--------------------
Racing Heart
Heart palpitations are often described as a
racing heart. The heart begins beating faster to
try to compensate for the loss of pumping
capacity.
This can also mimic feelings of anxiety.
Some people mistakenly believe that extreme
pain is always associated with heart attacks, so
they wait for painful symptoms to arise.
Meanwhile, the heart is being damaged.
While extreme pain in the chest area can be a
symptom in some cases, it does not happen in
all cases. A heart that is working too hard to
pump blood can experience further damage if
left untreated.
Molecular biology is the study of
molecular underpinnings of the process of
replication, transcription and translation of the
genetic material.
Neuroscience includes those disciplines of
science that are related to the study of the
nervous system.
A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and
physiology of the human brain and spinal cord.
Some related clinical specialties include
neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry.
Nutrition science (theoretical
focus) and dietetics (practical focus) is the
study of the relationship of food and drink to
health and disease, especially in determining an
optimal diet.
Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians
and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular
diseases, weight and eating disorders, allergies,
malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases.
Pathology as a science is the study of
disease—the causes, course, progression and
resolution thereof.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs
and their actions.
Photobiology is the study of the interactions
between non-ionizing radiation and living
organisms.
Physiology is the study of the normal
functioning of the body and the underlying
regulatory mechanisms.
Radiobiology is the study of the
interactions between ionizing radiation and
living organisms.
Toxicology is the study of hazardous effects of
drugs and poisons.m
molecular underpinnings of the process of
replication, transcription and translation of the
genetic material.
Neuroscience includes those disciplines of
science that are related to the study of the
nervous system.
A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and
physiology of the human brain and spinal cord.
Some related clinical specialties include
neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry.
Nutrition science (theoretical
focus) and dietetics (practical focus) is the
study of the relationship of food and drink to
health and disease, especially in determining an
optimal diet.
Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians
and is prescribed for diabetes, cardiovascular
diseases, weight and eating disorders, allergies,
malnutrition, and neoplastic diseases.
Pathology as a science is the study of
disease—the causes, course, progression and
resolution thereof.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs
and their actions.
Photobiology is the study of the interactions
between non-ionizing radiation and living
organisms.
Physiology is the study of the normal
functioning of the body and the underlying
regulatory mechanisms.
Radiobiology is the study of the
interactions between ionizing radiation and
living organisms.
Toxicology is the study of hazardous effects of
drugs and poisons.m
Interdisciplinary fields
Some interdisciplinary
sub-specialties of medicine
include:
Aerospace medicine deals with medical
problems related to flying and space travel.
Addiction medicine deals with the
treatment of addiction.
Medical ethics deals with ethical and moral
principles that apply values and judgments to the
practice of medicine.
Biomedical Engineering is a field
dealing with the application of engineering principles
to medical practice.
Clinical pharmacology is concerned
with how systems of therapeutics interact with
patients.
Conservation medicine studies the
relationship between human and animal health, and
environmental conditions. Also known as ecological
medicine, environmental medicine, or medical
geology.
Disaster medicine deals with medical
aspects of emergency preparedness, disaster
mitigation and management.
Diving medicine (or hyperbaric medicine)
is the prevention and treatment of diving-related
problems.
Evolutionary medicine is a
perspective on medicine derived through applying
evolutionary theory.
Forensic medicine deals with medical
questions in legal context, such as determination of
the time and cause of death, type of weapon used to
inflict trauma, reconstruction of the facial features
using remains of deceased (skull) thus aiding
identification.
Gender-based medicine studies the
biological and physiological differences between the
human sexes and how that affects differences in
disease.
Hospice and Palliative
Medicine is a relatively modern branch of
clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom
relief and emotional support in patients with terminal
illnesses including cancer and heart failure.
Hospital medicine is the general medical
care of hospitalized patients. Physicians whose
primary professional focus is hospital medicine are
called hospitalists in the USA and Canada.
The term Most Responsible Physician (MRP) or
attending physician is also used interchangeably to
describe this role.
Laser medicine involves the use of lasers in the
diagnostics and/or treatment of various conditions.
Medical humanities includes the
humanities (literature, philosophy, ethics, history and
religion), social science (anthropology, cultural
studies, psychology, sociology), and the arts
(literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their
application to medical education and practice.
Health informatics is a relatively recent
field that deal with the application of computers and
information technology to medicine.
Nosology is the classification of diseases for various
purposes.
Nosokinetics is the science/subject of
measuring and modelling the process of care in
health and social care systems.
Occupational medicine's principal
role is the provision of health advice to organizations
and individuals to ensure that the highest standards
of health and safety at work can be achieved and
maintained.
Pain management (also called pain
medicine, or algiatry) is the medical discipline
concerned with the relief of pain.
Pharmacogenomics is a form of individualized
medicine.
Podiatric medicine is the study of,
diagnosis, and medical treatment of disorders of the
foot, ankle, lower limb, hip and lower back.
Sexual medicine is concerned with
diagnosing, assessing and treating all disorders
related to sexuality.
Sports medicine deals with the treatment and
prevention and rehabilitation of sports/exercise
injuries such as muscle spasms, muscle tears, injuries
to ligaments (ligament tears or ruptures) and their
repair in athletes, amateur and professional.
Therapeutics is the field, more commonly referenced
in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies
that can be used to treat disease and promote health.
Travel medicine or emporiatrics deals
with health problems of international travelers or
travelers across highly different environments.
Tropical medicine deals with the
prevention and treatment of tropical diseases. It is
studied separately in temperate climates where those
diseases are quite unfamiliar to medical practitioners
and their local clinical needs.
Urgent care focuses on delivery of unscheduled,
walk-in care outside of the hospital emergency
department for injuries and illnesses that are not
severe enough to require care in an emergency
department. In some jurisdictions this function is
combined with the emergency room.
Veterinary medicine; veterinarians apply
similar techniques as physicians to the care of
animals.
Wilderness medicine entails the practice of medicine
in the wild, where conventional medical facilities may
not be available.
Many other health science fields,
Some interdisciplinary
sub-specialties of medicine
include:
Aerospace medicine deals with medical
problems related to flying and space travel.
Addiction medicine deals with the
treatment of addiction.
Medical ethics deals with ethical and moral
principles that apply values and judgments to the
practice of medicine.
Biomedical Engineering is a field
dealing with the application of engineering principles
to medical practice.
Clinical pharmacology is concerned
with how systems of therapeutics interact with
patients.
Conservation medicine studies the
relationship between human and animal health, and
environmental conditions. Also known as ecological
medicine, environmental medicine, or medical
geology.
Disaster medicine deals with medical
aspects of emergency preparedness, disaster
mitigation and management.
Diving medicine (or hyperbaric medicine)
is the prevention and treatment of diving-related
problems.
Evolutionary medicine is a
perspective on medicine derived through applying
evolutionary theory.
Forensic medicine deals with medical
questions in legal context, such as determination of
the time and cause of death, type of weapon used to
inflict trauma, reconstruction of the facial features
using remains of deceased (skull) thus aiding
identification.
Gender-based medicine studies the
biological and physiological differences between the
human sexes and how that affects differences in
disease.
Hospice and Palliative
Medicine is a relatively modern branch of
clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom
relief and emotional support in patients with terminal
illnesses including cancer and heart failure.
Hospital medicine is the general medical
care of hospitalized patients. Physicians whose
primary professional focus is hospital medicine are
called hospitalists in the USA and Canada.
The term Most Responsible Physician (MRP) or
attending physician is also used interchangeably to
describe this role.
Laser medicine involves the use of lasers in the
diagnostics and/or treatment of various conditions.
Medical humanities includes the
humanities (literature, philosophy, ethics, history and
religion), social science (anthropology, cultural
studies, psychology, sociology), and the arts
(literature, theater, film, and visual arts) and their
application to medical education and practice.
Health informatics is a relatively recent
field that deal with the application of computers and
information technology to medicine.
Nosology is the classification of diseases for various
purposes.
Nosokinetics is the science/subject of
measuring and modelling the process of care in
health and social care systems.
Occupational medicine's principal
role is the provision of health advice to organizations
and individuals to ensure that the highest standards
of health and safety at work can be achieved and
maintained.
Pain management (also called pain
medicine, or algiatry) is the medical discipline
concerned with the relief of pain.
Pharmacogenomics is a form of individualized
medicine.
Podiatric medicine is the study of,
diagnosis, and medical treatment of disorders of the
foot, ankle, lower limb, hip and lower back.
Sexual medicine is concerned with
diagnosing, assessing and treating all disorders
related to sexuality.
Sports medicine deals with the treatment and
prevention and rehabilitation of sports/exercise
injuries such as muscle spasms, muscle tears, injuries
to ligaments (ligament tears or ruptures) and their
repair in athletes, amateur and professional.
Therapeutics is the field, more commonly referenced
in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies
that can be used to treat disease and promote health.
Travel medicine or emporiatrics deals
with health problems of international travelers or
travelers across highly different environments.
Tropical medicine deals with the
prevention and treatment of tropical diseases. It is
studied separately in temperate climates where those
diseases are quite unfamiliar to medical practitioners
and their local clinical needs.
Urgent care focuses on delivery of unscheduled,
walk-in care outside of the hospital emergency
department for injuries and illnesses that are not
severe enough to require care in an emergency
department. In some jurisdictions this function is
combined with the emergency room.
Veterinary medicine; veterinarians apply
similar techniques as physicians to the care of
animals.
Wilderness medicine entails the practice of medicine
in the wild, where conventional medical facilities may
not be available.
Many other health science fields,
TELEMEDICINE
Telemedicine is the use of
telecommunication and information
technologies to provide clinical health
care at a distance.
It helps eliminate distance barriers and
can improve access to medical services
that would often not be consistently
available in distant rural communities. It
is also used to save lives in critical care
and emergency situations.
Although there were distant precursors
to telemedicine, it is essentially a product
of 20th century telecommunication and
information technologies.
These technologies permit
communications between patient and
medical staff with both convenience and
fidelity, as well as the transmission of
medical, imaging and health informatics
data from one site to another.
Early forms of telemedicine achieved with
telephone and radio have been
supplemented with videotelephony,
advanced diagnostic methods supported
by distributed client/server applications,
and additionally with telemedical devices
to support in-home care
Telemedicine is the use of
telecommunication and information
technologies to provide clinical health
care at a distance.
It helps eliminate distance barriers and
can improve access to medical services
that would often not be consistently
available in distant rural communities. It
is also used to save lives in critical care
and emergency situations.
Although there were distant precursors
to telemedicine, it is essentially a product
of 20th century telecommunication and
information technologies.
These technologies permit
communications between patient and
medical staff with both convenience and
fidelity, as well as the transmission of
medical, imaging and health informatics
data from one site to another.
Early forms of telemedicine achieved with
telephone and radio have been
supplemented with videotelephony,
advanced diagnostic methods supported
by distributed client/server applications,
and additionally with telemedical devices
to support in-home care
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| NURSES OF AMERICA |
''What you need to
know for this year
Obamacare
enrollment''
--------
Penalties..
Getting insurance is
required by law for
many people.
The penalty for noncompliance is the
greater of 2.5 percent of your
adjusted gross income, or $695 per
adult and $347.50 per child in tax
year 2016. The amount for a
household is capped at $2,085.
The fee called the “individual shared
responsibility payment” on
healthcare.gov will be the same in
2017 and beyond, with adjustments
for inflation.
If you lack coverage for only part of
the year, the fee is prorated. For
example, an individual who goes
without health insurance for three
months will be assessed 25 percent
of the fee.
Those who owe the fee this year will
have it assessed as part of their
income taxes. Exemptions are
available in certain situations, such
as if you were without health
insurance less than three months or
the cost of the cheapest plan in your
area exceeds 8 percent of your
income.
------------
Where to get
coverage..
If you’re eligible for insurance under
the Affordable Care Act, go to
healthcare.gov beginning Nov. 1. If
your state has its own exchange,
healthcare.gov will steer you there.
You can also call 800-318-2596 (be
prepared to be on hold awhile) and
have a representative complete your
application over the phone.
Local organizations may help with
the application and enrollment
process. You can go to this page at
HealthCare.gov to search for options
in your area.
--------------
Rates up, choices down ...
Fewer insurance companies are
participating in Obamacare because,
they claim, they can’t make money
covering all people signing up, many
of whom are sicker than expected.
“We remain confident that the
majority of marketplace consumers
will be able to select a plan for less
than $75 per month when open
enrollment begins November 1,”
know for this year
Obamacare
enrollment''
--------
Penalties..
Getting insurance is
required by law for
many people.
The penalty for noncompliance is the
greater of 2.5 percent of your
adjusted gross income, or $695 per
adult and $347.50 per child in tax
year 2016. The amount for a
household is capped at $2,085.
The fee called the “individual shared
responsibility payment” on
healthcare.gov will be the same in
2017 and beyond, with adjustments
for inflation.
If you lack coverage for only part of
the year, the fee is prorated. For
example, an individual who goes
without health insurance for three
months will be assessed 25 percent
of the fee.
Those who owe the fee this year will
have it assessed as part of their
income taxes. Exemptions are
available in certain situations, such
as if you were without health
insurance less than three months or
the cost of the cheapest plan in your
area exceeds 8 percent of your
income.
------------
Where to get
coverage..
If you’re eligible for insurance under
the Affordable Care Act, go to
healthcare.gov beginning Nov. 1. If
your state has its own exchange,
healthcare.gov will steer you there.
You can also call 800-318-2596 (be
prepared to be on hold awhile) and
have a representative complete your
application over the phone.
Local organizations may help with
the application and enrollment
process. You can go to this page at
HealthCare.gov to search for options
in your area.
--------------
Rates up, choices down ...
Fewer insurance companies are
participating in Obamacare because,
they claim, they can’t make money
covering all people signing up, many
of whom are sicker than expected.
“We remain confident that the
majority of marketplace consumers
will be able to select a plan for less
than $75 per month when open
enrollment begins November 1,”
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| BUYHEREMARKET.BLOGSPOT.COM |
''Male Urinary incontinence; Medical condition...
Urinary (or bladder) incontinence happens when you are not able to keep urine from
leaking out of your urethra. You won't believe how many people who are suffering
with this condition.
Overactive Bladder Information: Urinary Incontinence: Types, Causes and Prevention.
Urinary incontinence happens when you lose control of your bladder. In some cases,
you may empty your bladder’s contents completely.
In other cases, you may experience only minor leakage.
The condition may be temporary or chronic, depending on its cause.
Urinary (or bladder) incontinence happens when you are not able to keep urine from
leaking out of your urethra. You won't believe how many people who are suffering
with this condition.
Overactive Bladder Information: Urinary Incontinence: Types, Causes and Prevention.
Urinary incontinence happens when you lose control of your bladder. In some cases,
you may empty your bladder’s contents completely.
In other cases, you may experience only minor leakage.
The condition may be temporary or chronic, depending on its cause.
Benign enlargement of
the prostate is a common
condition in which your
prostate gland swells
beyond normal size.
It is also known as benign prostatic
hyperplasia, or BPH. If you have this
disorder, keep in mind that it’s not a
cancer. The condition does, however, still
require treatment if it is accompanied by
symptoms.
--------------
The prostate gland is only found in men
and is normally about the size of a walnut.
It sits immediately underneath the bladder
and just above the penis.
A tube called the urethra, which carries
urine from your bladder, passes through
the center of the prostate gland.
An enlarged prostate can compress the
urethra, which causes narrowing or
blockage of the tube and prevents your
urine from flowing normally.
Fortunately, your prostate gland isn’t
essential to sustain life. It’s possible to
surgically remove the prostate if the
problems interfere too much with your
quality of life.
---------------
What Causes Benign
Enlargement of the
Prostate?
Once you reach age 45, you’re more likely
to develop an enlarged prostate. Your risk
increases as you age. Around one-third of
men older than 50 have an enlarged
prostate. By age 85, this increases to a
whopping 90 percent.
Some research suggests that prostate
enlargement could result from hormonal
changes occurring in men as they age.
If you have a close relative with benign
prostate enlargement, you’re more likely
to develop the condition yourself..
---------
the prostate is a common
condition in which your
prostate gland swells
beyond normal size.
It is also known as benign prostatic
hyperplasia, or BPH. If you have this
disorder, keep in mind that it’s not a
cancer. The condition does, however, still
require treatment if it is accompanied by
symptoms.
--------------
The prostate gland is only found in men
and is normally about the size of a walnut.
It sits immediately underneath the bladder
and just above the penis.
A tube called the urethra, which carries
urine from your bladder, passes through
the center of the prostate gland.
An enlarged prostate can compress the
urethra, which causes narrowing or
blockage of the tube and prevents your
urine from flowing normally.
Fortunately, your prostate gland isn’t
essential to sustain life. It’s possible to
surgically remove the prostate if the
problems interfere too much with your
quality of life.
---------------
What Causes Benign
Enlargement of the
Prostate?
Once you reach age 45, you’re more likely
to develop an enlarged prostate. Your risk
increases as you age. Around one-third of
men older than 50 have an enlarged
prostate. By age 85, this increases to a
whopping 90 percent.
Some research suggests that prostate
enlargement could result from hormonal
changes occurring in men as they age.
If you have a close relative with benign
prostate enlargement, you’re more likely
to develop the condition yourself..
---------
---------
What Are the Symptoms
of Benign Enlargement of
the Prostate?
If you have an enlarged prostate, you may
experience some of the following
symptoms, which tend to worsen as time
goes on:
•a need to urinate more often than normal
•an increased need to urinate during the
night (nocturia)
•finding it difficult to start urinating
•having a flow of urine that is weak, or
stops and starts (dribbling)
•feeling as if you have to strain to produce
urine
•feeling as if your bladder hasn’t emptied
properly after urinating
•urine continuing to drip out after you have
finished urinating
You may also experience complications from
an enlarged prostate, such as a urinary tract
infection. You could also develop bladder or
kidney stones.
However, not everyone
experiences symptoms. You may
even experience symptoms that don’t
appear to relate to the prostate gland.
----------------
What Are the Treatment
Options for Benign
Enlargement of the
Prostate?
Lifestyle Adjustment
If your symptoms are mild, you may not
need medical treatment.
You might be able to manage your condition
with lifestyle changes, such as restricting
fluid intake at night and reducing alcohol
and caffeine consumption. Your doctor will
monitor your prostate at regular intervals.
---------------
Medication
Drugs are the most frequently used
treatment when your symptoms are
moderate. You may receive alpha-blockers
to relax the muscles in your prostate.
Your doctor might also prescribe drugs
known as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors,
which alter your hormone balance, and
encourage the prostate to reduce in size.
Patients often take both types of
medication. If taken, you need to have your
blood pressure monitored, as these drugs
can affect BP readings.
-------------
What Are the Symptoms
of Benign Enlargement of
the Prostate?
If you have an enlarged prostate, you may
experience some of the following
symptoms, which tend to worsen as time
goes on:
•a need to urinate more often than normal
•an increased need to urinate during the
night (nocturia)
•finding it difficult to start urinating
•having a flow of urine that is weak, or
stops and starts (dribbling)
•feeling as if you have to strain to produce
urine
•feeling as if your bladder hasn’t emptied
properly after urinating
•urine continuing to drip out after you have
finished urinating
You may also experience complications from
an enlarged prostate, such as a urinary tract
infection. You could also develop bladder or
kidney stones.
However, not everyone
experiences symptoms. You may
even experience symptoms that don’t
appear to relate to the prostate gland.
----------------
What Are the Treatment
Options for Benign
Enlargement of the
Prostate?
Lifestyle Adjustment
If your symptoms are mild, you may not
need medical treatment.
You might be able to manage your condition
with lifestyle changes, such as restricting
fluid intake at night and reducing alcohol
and caffeine consumption. Your doctor will
monitor your prostate at regular intervals.
---------------
Medication
Drugs are the most frequently used
treatment when your symptoms are
moderate. You may receive alpha-blockers
to relax the muscles in your prostate.
Your doctor might also prescribe drugs
known as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors,
which alter your hormone balance, and
encourage the prostate to reduce in size.
Patients often take both types of
medication. If taken, you need to have your
blood pressure monitored, as these drugs
can affect BP readings.
-------------
Surgery
If your prostate doesn’t respond to drug treatment, or if it’s quite large, surgery may be
necessary to remove the enlarged portion of the gland.
The most common operation is known as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
As with the cystoscopy, a long, thin instrument with a camera enters the urethra to reach
your prostate.
Then the instrument removes the enlarged tissues using an electrical loop.
The loop not only cuts, but also cauterizes the blood vessels to control bleeding.
Another type of surgery is transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). This procedure
widens the urethra to allow for stronger urine flow.
This is an “open” surgery, meaning it requires an external incision to reach the prostate.
Doctors use this procedure only under more severe circumstances.
-------------
Other Options
Non-surgical techniques use microwaves, radio waves, or lasers to remove the enlarged
prostate tissue. These may cause fewer side effects, but aren’t as proven as conventional
methods for long-term effectiveness
If your prostate doesn’t respond to drug treatment, or if it’s quite large, surgery may be
necessary to remove the enlarged portion of the gland.
The most common operation is known as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
As with the cystoscopy, a long, thin instrument with a camera enters the urethra to reach
your prostate.
Then the instrument removes the enlarged tissues using an electrical loop.
The loop not only cuts, but also cauterizes the blood vessels to control bleeding.
Another type of surgery is transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). This procedure
widens the urethra to allow for stronger urine flow.
This is an “open” surgery, meaning it requires an external incision to reach the prostate.
Doctors use this procedure only under more severe circumstances.
-------------
Other Options
Non-surgical techniques use microwaves, radio waves, or lasers to remove the enlarged
prostate tissue. These may cause fewer side effects, but aren’t as proven as conventional
methods for long-term effectiveness
Urinary Incontinence
Female Urinary Stress Incontinence
What is female urinary stress incontinence?
Female urinary stress incontinence is the involuntary release
of urine during any physical activity that puts pressure on
your bladder.
It’s not the same as general incontinence. This potentially
uncomfortable condition only happens when the bladder is
under immediate physical stress. Activities that can put stress
on your bladder include:
⦁ coughing - ⦁ sneezing - ⦁ laughing
⦁ lifting heavy objects or straining
⦁ bending over
Causes
What causes female urinary stress
incontinence?
Female urinary stress incontinence occurs when your pelvic
muscles weaken.
These muscles form a bowl that lines your pelvis. They
support your bladder and control the release of your urine.
As you age these pelvic muscles grow weak.
Childbirth, pelvic surgery, and injury to your pelvis can
weaken the muscles. Increased age and a history of
pregnancy are also big risk factors.
Who develops urinary incontinence?
Stress incontinence is far more common among women than
men. It can occur at any age. But the chances of developing
stress incontinence increases with pregnancy and as you age.
According to the American Academy of Physicians (AAP),
about 50 percent of women between the ages of 40 to 60,
and nearly 75 percent of women over the age of 75, have
some form of urinary incontinence (UI). The actual figures
may be even higher, since the condition is underreported and
under diagnosed, according to the AAP.
It estimates that about one-half of the women who
experience UI do not report it to their doctors.
Certain factors can increase the risk of female urinary stress
incontinence, or can aggravate symptoms if you already have
it.
Food and drinks
The following may make your stress
incontinence worse due to bladder
irritation:
⦁ alcohol - ⦁ caffeine - ⦁ soda - ⦁ chocolate
⦁ artificial sweeteners - ⦁ tobacco or cigarettes
Overall health
The following health factors may make your stress
incontinence worse:
⦁ urinary tract infections - ⦁ obesity - ⦁ frequent coughing
⦁ medications that increase urine production
⦁ nerve damage or excessive urination from diabetes
Lack of treatment
Female urinary stress incontinence is usually treatable. But
many women rarely seek help. Don’t let embarrassment stop
you from seeing your doctor. Female urinary stress
incontinence is common. Your doctor has most likely
encountered it many times in other patients
------------
Female Urinary Stress Incontinence
What is female urinary stress incontinence?
Female urinary stress incontinence is the involuntary release
of urine during any physical activity that puts pressure on
your bladder.
It’s not the same as general incontinence. This potentially
uncomfortable condition only happens when the bladder is
under immediate physical stress. Activities that can put stress
on your bladder include:
⦁ coughing - ⦁ sneezing - ⦁ laughing
⦁ lifting heavy objects or straining
⦁ bending over
Causes
What causes female urinary stress
incontinence?
Female urinary stress incontinence occurs when your pelvic
muscles weaken.
These muscles form a bowl that lines your pelvis. They
support your bladder and control the release of your urine.
As you age these pelvic muscles grow weak.
Childbirth, pelvic surgery, and injury to your pelvis can
weaken the muscles. Increased age and a history of
pregnancy are also big risk factors.
Who develops urinary incontinence?
Stress incontinence is far more common among women than
men. It can occur at any age. But the chances of developing
stress incontinence increases with pregnancy and as you age.
According to the American Academy of Physicians (AAP),
about 50 percent of women between the ages of 40 to 60,
and nearly 75 percent of women over the age of 75, have
some form of urinary incontinence (UI). The actual figures
may be even higher, since the condition is underreported and
under diagnosed, according to the AAP.
It estimates that about one-half of the women who
experience UI do not report it to their doctors.
Certain factors can increase the risk of female urinary stress
incontinence, or can aggravate symptoms if you already have
it.
Food and drinks
The following may make your stress
incontinence worse due to bladder
irritation:
⦁ alcohol - ⦁ caffeine - ⦁ soda - ⦁ chocolate
⦁ artificial sweeteners - ⦁ tobacco or cigarettes
Overall health
The following health factors may make your stress
incontinence worse:
⦁ urinary tract infections - ⦁ obesity - ⦁ frequent coughing
⦁ medications that increase urine production
⦁ nerve damage or excessive urination from diabetes
Lack of treatment
Female urinary stress incontinence is usually treatable. But
many women rarely seek help. Don’t let embarrassment stop
you from seeing your doctor. Female urinary stress
incontinence is common. Your doctor has most likely
encountered it many times in other patients
------------
-How is female urinary stress
incontinence diagnosed?
To make a diagnosis, your doctor will likely perform a pelvic
exam in addition to one or more of the following tests:
⦁ Urinary stress test: Your doctor will ask
you to cough while you’re standing to see if you involuntarily
leak urine.
⦁ Pad test: You will be asked to wear a sanitary pad
during exercise to see how much urine you leak.
⦁ Urinalysis: This test enables your doctor to
determine if you have certain abnormalities in your urine like
blood, protein, sugar, or signs of infection.
⦁ Post-void residual (PVR) test: Your doctor will measure
how much urine is in your bladder after you have emptied it.
⦁ Cystometry test: This test measures pressure
in your bladder and your flow of urine.
⦁ X-rays with contrast dye: Your doctor will be able to
spot abnormalities in your urinary tract.
⦁ Cystoscopy: This test uses a camera to look inside your
bladder for signs of inflammation, stones, or other
abnormalities.
Advertisement
---------------
What treatment is available?
Several types of treatment are available. Treatment options
include:
⦁ lifestyle changes - ⦁ medications - ⦁ nonsurgical
treatments - ⦁ surgery
Lifestyle changes
Make regular trips to the restroom to reduce the chance of
urine leakage. Your doctor may also suggest you avoid
caffeine and exercise regularly. Dietary changes may also be
in order.
If you smoke you’ll likely be advised to quit. Losing weight
can also help take pressure off your stomach, bladder, and
pelvic organs. Your doctor may also develop a weight-loss
plan if you’re overweight.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe medications that reduce bladder
contractions. These include drugs such as:
⦁ Imipramine
⦁ Duloxetine
Your doctor may also prescribe mediation designed to treat
an overactive bladder, such as:
Vesicare - Enablex - ⦁ Detrol - ⦁ Ditropan
Nonsurgical treatments
Kegel exercises and pelvic floor muscle therapy
Kegel exercises may help strengthen your pelvic muscles. To
do these exercises, squeeze the muscles that stop the flow of
urine. Your doctor will show you the right way to do these
exercises.
However, it’s unclear how many Kegels should be done, how
often, or even how effective they can be. Some research has
shown that doing Kegel exercises during and after pregnancy
may reduce your chances of developing urinary stress
incontinence.
Pelvic floor muscle therapy is another
effective method to help alleviate stress incontinence. This
can be done with the aid of a physical therapist, trained
specifically in pelvic floor exercises.
An increase in overall physical activity has been shown to
strengthen the pelvic floor. Yoga and Pilates are known to be
helpful.
-----------------
Vaginal pessary
This procedure requires a small ring be placed inside your
vagina. It will support your bladder and compress your
urethra.
Your doctor will fit you with the correct size vaginal pessary
and will show you how to remove it for cleanings.
Surgery
Your doctor may recommend surgery if other treatments fail.
Types of surgery include:
Injectable therapy
Doctors inject bulking agent into your urethra to thicken the
area in order to reduce incontinence.
Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)
Doctors place a mesh around your urethra to give it support.
Vaginal sling
Doctors place a sling around your urethra to provide more
support for it.
Anterior or paravaginal vaginal repair (also called a cystocele
repair)
This surgery repairs a bladder that is bulging into the vaginal
canal.
Retropubic suspension
This surgery moves the bladder and urethra back into their
normal positions
incontinence diagnosed?
To make a diagnosis, your doctor will likely perform a pelvic
exam in addition to one or more of the following tests:
⦁ Urinary stress test: Your doctor will ask
you to cough while you’re standing to see if you involuntarily
leak urine.
⦁ Pad test: You will be asked to wear a sanitary pad
during exercise to see how much urine you leak.
⦁ Urinalysis: This test enables your doctor to
determine if you have certain abnormalities in your urine like
blood, protein, sugar, or signs of infection.
⦁ Post-void residual (PVR) test: Your doctor will measure
how much urine is in your bladder after you have emptied it.
⦁ Cystometry test: This test measures pressure
in your bladder and your flow of urine.
⦁ X-rays with contrast dye: Your doctor will be able to
spot abnormalities in your urinary tract.
⦁ Cystoscopy: This test uses a camera to look inside your
bladder for signs of inflammation, stones, or other
abnormalities.
Advertisement
---------------
What treatment is available?
Several types of treatment are available. Treatment options
include:
⦁ lifestyle changes - ⦁ medications - ⦁ nonsurgical
treatments - ⦁ surgery
Lifestyle changes
Make regular trips to the restroom to reduce the chance of
urine leakage. Your doctor may also suggest you avoid
caffeine and exercise regularly. Dietary changes may also be
in order.
If you smoke you’ll likely be advised to quit. Losing weight
can also help take pressure off your stomach, bladder, and
pelvic organs. Your doctor may also develop a weight-loss
plan if you’re overweight.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe medications that reduce bladder
contractions. These include drugs such as:
⦁ Imipramine
⦁ Duloxetine
Your doctor may also prescribe mediation designed to treat
an overactive bladder, such as:
Vesicare - Enablex - ⦁ Detrol - ⦁ Ditropan
Nonsurgical treatments
Kegel exercises and pelvic floor muscle therapy
Kegel exercises may help strengthen your pelvic muscles. To
do these exercises, squeeze the muscles that stop the flow of
urine. Your doctor will show you the right way to do these
exercises.
However, it’s unclear how many Kegels should be done, how
often, or even how effective they can be. Some research has
shown that doing Kegel exercises during and after pregnancy
may reduce your chances of developing urinary stress
incontinence.
Pelvic floor muscle therapy is another
effective method to help alleviate stress incontinence. This
can be done with the aid of a physical therapist, trained
specifically in pelvic floor exercises.
An increase in overall physical activity has been shown to
strengthen the pelvic floor. Yoga and Pilates are known to be
helpful.
-----------------
Vaginal pessary
This procedure requires a small ring be placed inside your
vagina. It will support your bladder and compress your
urethra.
Your doctor will fit you with the correct size vaginal pessary
and will show you how to remove it for cleanings.
Surgery
Your doctor may recommend surgery if other treatments fail.
Types of surgery include:
Injectable therapy
Doctors inject bulking agent into your urethra to thicken the
area in order to reduce incontinence.
Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)
Doctors place a mesh around your urethra to give it support.
Vaginal sling
Doctors place a sling around your urethra to provide more
support for it.
Anterior or paravaginal vaginal repair (also called a cystocele
repair)
This surgery repairs a bladder that is bulging into the vaginal
canal.
Retropubic suspension
This surgery moves the bladder and urethra back into their
normal positions
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Urinary Incontinence
Stress Incontinence
What is stress
incontinence?
Key points
1. Stress incontinence is the
inability to control your urge to
urinate. It’s a serious and
embarrassing disorder and can
lead to social isolation.
2. In this condition, “stress”
refers to excessive physical
pressure on the bladder, not
emotional stress.
3. Women are twice as likely
as men to suffer from involuntary
leakage.
Stress incontinence is the inability
to control your urge to urinate in
certain circumstances. It’s a
Stress Incontinence
What is stress
incontinence?
Key points
1. Stress incontinence is the
inability to control your urge to
urinate. It’s a serious and
embarrassing disorder and can
lead to social isolation.
2. In this condition, “stress”
refers to excessive physical
pressure on the bladder, not
emotional stress.
3. Women are twice as likely
as men to suffer from involuntary
leakage.
Stress incontinence is the inability
to control your urge to urinate in
certain circumstances. It’s a
Urethral Stricture
What is urethral
stricture?
The urethra is a tube that carries
urine from the bladder so it can be
expelled from the body.
Usually the urethra is wide enough for
urine to flow freely through it.
When the urethra narrows, it can
restrict urinary flow. This is known as
a urethral stricture.
Urethral stricture is a medical
condition that mainly affects men.
Causes...
What is urethral
stricture?
The urethra is a tube that carries
urine from the bladder so it can be
expelled from the body.
Usually the urethra is wide enough for
urine to flow freely through it.
When the urethra narrows, it can
restrict urinary flow. This is known as
a urethral stricture.
Urethral stricture is a medical
condition that mainly affects men.
Causes...
What are the causes
of urethral stricture?
Urethral stricture involves constriction
of the urethra. This is usually due to
tissue inflammation or the presence of
scar tissue. Scar tissue can be a result
of many factors.
Young boys who have hypospadias
surgery (a procedure to correct an
underdeveloped urethra) and men who
have penile implants have a higher
chance of developing urethral stricture.
A straddle injury is a common type of
trauma that can lead to urethral
stricture. Examples of straddle injuries
include falling on a bicycle bar or
getting hit in the area close to the
scrotum.
Other possible causes of urethral
stricture include:
• pelvic fractures
• catheter insertion
• radiation
• surgery performed on the
prostate
• benign prostatic hyperplasia
Rare causes include:
• a tumor located in close
proximity to the urethra
• untreated or repetitive urinary
tract infections
• the sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) gonorrhea or
chlamydia
of urethral stricture?
Urethral stricture involves constriction
of the urethra. This is usually due to
tissue inflammation or the presence of
scar tissue. Scar tissue can be a result
of many factors.
Young boys who have hypospadias
surgery (a procedure to correct an
underdeveloped urethra) and men who
have penile implants have a higher
chance of developing urethral stricture.
A straddle injury is a common type of
trauma that can lead to urethral
stricture. Examples of straddle injuries
include falling on a bicycle bar or
getting hit in the area close to the
scrotum.
Other possible causes of urethral
stricture include:
• pelvic fractures
• catheter insertion
• radiation
• surgery performed on the
prostate
• benign prostatic hyperplasia
Rare causes include:
• a tumor located in close
proximity to the urethra
• untreated or repetitive urinary
tract infections
• the sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) gonorrhea or
chlamydia
Urethristis
1. Urethritis is an inflammation of the
urethra, and is not the same as a urinary tract
infection (UTI).
2. Women have a greater chance of
developing urethritis because their urethras
are shorter than men’s.
3. Although pain and discomfort during
urination are possible, many people with
urethritis do not have noticeable symptoms.
Urethritis is a condition in which the urethra,
or the tube that carries urine from the bladder
to outside the body, becomes inflamed and
irritated. Semen also passes through the male
urethra.
Urethritis typically causes pain while urinating
and an increased urge to urinate. The primary
cause of urethritis is usually infection by
bacteria.
Urethritis is not the same as a urinary tract
infection (UTI). Urethritis is an inflammation of
the urethra, while a UTI is an infection of the
urinary tract.
They may have similar symptoms, but require
different methods of treatment depending on
the underlying cause of the urethritis.
Urethritis affects people of all ages. Both males
and females can develop the condition.
However, females have a greater chance of
developing the condition than males
1. Urethritis is an inflammation of the
urethra, and is not the same as a urinary tract
infection (UTI).
2. Women have a greater chance of
developing urethritis because their urethras
are shorter than men’s.
3. Although pain and discomfort during
urination are possible, many people with
urethritis do not have noticeable symptoms.
Urethritis is a condition in which the urethra,
or the tube that carries urine from the bladder
to outside the body, becomes inflamed and
irritated. Semen also passes through the male
urethra.
Urethritis typically causes pain while urinating
and an increased urge to urinate. The primary
cause of urethritis is usually infection by
bacteria.
Urethritis is not the same as a urinary tract
infection (UTI). Urethritis is an inflammation of
the urethra, while a UTI is an infection of the
urinary tract.
They may have similar symptoms, but require
different methods of treatment depending on
the underlying cause of the urethritis.
Urethritis affects people of all ages. Both males
and females can develop the condition.
However, females have a greater chance of
developing the condition than males
Urinary Incontinence
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
urethritis?
Symptoms in men
Males with urethritis may experience one or
more of the following symptoms:
• burning sensation while urinating
• itching or burning near the opening of
the penis
• presence of blood in the semen or urine
• discharge from the penis
Symptoms in women
Some symptoms of urethritis in women include:
• more frequent urge to urinate
• discomfort during urination
• burning or irritation at the urethral
opening
• abnormal discharge from the vagina may
also be present along with the urinary
symptoms
People who have urethritis may also not have
any noticeable symptoms. This is especially
true for women. In men, symptoms may not
be apparent if the urethritis developed as a
result of chlamydia or occasionally
trichomoniasis infection.
For this reason, it’s important to undergo
testing if you may have been infected with a
sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
urethritis?
Symptoms in men
Males with urethritis may experience one or
more of the following symptoms:
• burning sensation while urinating
• itching or burning near the opening of
the penis
• presence of blood in the semen or urine
• discharge from the penis
Symptoms in women
Some symptoms of urethritis in women include:
• more frequent urge to urinate
• discomfort during urination
• burning or irritation at the urethral
opening
• abnormal discharge from the vagina may
also be present along with the urinary
symptoms
People who have urethritis may also not have
any noticeable symptoms. This is especially
true for women. In men, symptoms may not
be apparent if the urethritis developed as a
result of chlamydia or occasionally
trichomoniasis infection.
For this reason, it’s important to undergo
testing if you may have been infected with a
sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Urinary Incontinence
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
urethritis?
Symptoms in men
Males with urethritis may experience one or
more of the following symptoms:
• burning sensation while urinating
• itching or burning near the opening of
the penis
• presence of blood in the semen or urine
• discharge from the penis
Symptoms in women
Some symptoms of urethritis in women include:
• more frequent urge to urinate
• discomfort during urination
• burning or irritation at the urethral
opening
• abnormal discharge from the vagina may
also be present along with the urinary
symptoms
People who have urethritis may also not have
any noticeable symptoms. This is especially
true for women. In men, symptoms may not
be apparent if the urethritis developed as a
result of chlamydia or occasionally
trichomoniasis infection.
For this reason, it’s important to undergo
testing if you may have been infected with a
sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
urethritis?
Symptoms in men
Males with urethritis may experience one or
more of the following symptoms:
• burning sensation while urinating
• itching or burning near the opening of
the penis
• presence of blood in the semen or urine
• discharge from the penis
Symptoms in women
Some symptoms of urethritis in women include:
• more frequent urge to urinate
• discomfort during urination
• burning or irritation at the urethral
opening
• abnormal discharge from the vagina may
also be present along with the urinary
symptoms
People who have urethritis may also not have
any noticeable symptoms. This is especially
true for women. In men, symptoms may not
be apparent if the urethritis developed as a
result of chlamydia or occasionally
trichomoniasis infection.
For this reason, it’s important to undergo
testing if you may have been infected with a
sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Urinary Incontinence
If you have diabetes and are experiencing
numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness of your
hands or feet, call your doctor. These are the
early symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.
In cases of severe or prolonged peripheral
neuropathy, you may experience injuries or
infections in your extremities. In some cases,
these can lead to amputation. Damage to
other nerves of the body can cause other
symptoms.
That’s why it’s important to regularly monitor
your blood sugar levels and contact your
doctor if have any symptoms of neuropathy.
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
diabetic neuropathy?
It’s common for symptoms of neuropathy to
appear gradually. In many cases, the first
type of nerve damage to occur involves the
nerves of the feet. This can lead to symptoms
such as the sensation of pins and needles in
your feet.
Symptoms vary depending on the nerves
affected. Common signs and symptoms of
diabetic neuropathy include:
• sensitivity to touch
• loss of sense of touch
• difficulty with coordination when
walking
• numbness or pain in your extremities
• muscle weakness or wasting
• nausea and indigestion
• diarrhea or constipation
• dizziness upon standing
• excessive sweating
• vaginal dryness in women and erectile
dysfunction in men
Symptoms may vary depending on the type of
neuropathy you’re experiencing.
Types
If you have diabetes and are experiencing
numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness of your
hands or feet, call your doctor. These are the
early symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.
In cases of severe or prolonged peripheral
neuropathy, you may experience injuries or
infections in your extremities. In some cases,
these can lead to amputation. Damage to
other nerves of the body can cause other
symptoms.
That’s why it’s important to regularly monitor
your blood sugar levels and contact your
doctor if have any symptoms of neuropathy.
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of
diabetic neuropathy?
It’s common for symptoms of neuropathy to
appear gradually. In many cases, the first
type of nerve damage to occur involves the
nerves of the feet. This can lead to symptoms
such as the sensation of pins and needles in
your feet.
Symptoms vary depending on the nerves
affected. Common signs and symptoms of
diabetic neuropathy include:
• sensitivity to touch
• loss of sense of touch
• difficulty with coordination when
walking
• numbness or pain in your extremities
• muscle weakness or wasting
• nausea and indigestion
• diarrhea or constipation
• dizziness upon standing
• excessive sweating
• vaginal dryness in women and erectile
dysfunction in men
Symptoms may vary depending on the type of
neuropathy you’re experiencing.
Types
Urinary Incontinence....
Bladder Cancer
What Is Bladder Cancer?
Highlights
1. Bladder cancer affects approximately 45,000
men and 17,000 women in the United States per
year.
2. The majority of diagnoses occur in adults
over the age of 55.
3. Smoking and a high-fat diet can contribute
to developing bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer occurs in the tissues of the bladder,
which is the organ in the body that holds urine.
According to the National Institutes of Health,
approximately 45,000 men and 17,000 women per
year are diagnosed with the disease.
Urinary Incontinence
Types
Types of Bladder Cancer
There are three types of bladder
cancer:
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type
of bladder cancer.
It begins in the transitional cells in the inner layer of
the bladder. Transitional cells are cells that change
shape without becoming damaged when the tissue
is stretched.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer in the
United States. It begins when thin, flat squamous
cells form in the bladder after a long-term infection
or irritation in the bladder.
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is also a rare cancer in the United
States. It begins when glandular cells form in the
bladder after long-term bladder irritation and
inflammation. Glandular cells are what make up the
mucus-secreting glands in the body.
Symptoms
What Are the Symptoms of Bladder Cancer?
Many people with bladder cancer can have blood in
their urine but no pain while urinating.
There are a number of symptoms that might
indicate bladder cancer like fatigue, weight loss, and
bone tenderness, and these can indicate more
advanced disease. You should pay particular
attention to the following symptoms:
• blood in the urine
• painful urination
• frequent urination
• urgent urination
• urinary incontinence
• pain in the abdominal area
• pain in the lower back
Bladder Cancer
What Is Bladder Cancer?
Highlights
1. Bladder cancer affects approximately 45,000
men and 17,000 women in the United States per
year.
2. The majority of diagnoses occur in adults
over the age of 55.
3. Smoking and a high-fat diet can contribute
to developing bladder cancer.
Bladder cancer occurs in the tissues of the bladder,
which is the organ in the body that holds urine.
According to the National Institutes of Health,
approximately 45,000 men and 17,000 women per
year are diagnosed with the disease.
Urinary Incontinence
Types
Types of Bladder Cancer
There are three types of bladder
cancer:
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type
of bladder cancer.
It begins in the transitional cells in the inner layer of
the bladder. Transitional cells are cells that change
shape without becoming damaged when the tissue
is stretched.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer in the
United States. It begins when thin, flat squamous
cells form in the bladder after a long-term infection
or irritation in the bladder.
Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is also a rare cancer in the United
States. It begins when glandular cells form in the
bladder after long-term bladder irritation and
inflammation. Glandular cells are what make up the
mucus-secreting glands in the body.
Symptoms
What Are the Symptoms of Bladder Cancer?
Many people with bladder cancer can have blood in
their urine but no pain while urinating.
There are a number of symptoms that might
indicate bladder cancer like fatigue, weight loss, and
bone tenderness, and these can indicate more
advanced disease. You should pay particular
attention to the following symptoms:
• blood in the urine
• painful urination
• frequent urination
• urgent urination
• urinary incontinence
• pain in the abdominal area
• pain in the lower back
Urinary Incontinence...
Bedwetting
What causes bedwetting? 10
possible conditions..
Bedwetting is a normal developmental stage for
some children, but it can be a symptom of
underlying illness or disease in adults.
About 2 percent of adults suffer from bedwetting,
according to the National Association for
Continence.
Causes of Bedwetting
Physical and psychological conditions can lead to
bedwetting in some people. Common causes of
bedwetting among children and adults include:
• small bladder size
• urinary tract infection (UTI)
• stress, fear, or insecurity
• neurological disorders (e.g.: post-stroke)
• diabetes
• prostate gland enlargement
• sleep apnea (abnormal pauses in breathing
during sleep)
• constipation
Hormonal imbalances can also
cause bedwetting in some people.
Everyone’s body makes a hormone called
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ADH tells your body to slow down the production
of urine overnight. The lower volume of urine
helps a normal bladder hold urine overnight.
People whose bodies don’t make sufficient levels
of ADH may experience nocturnal enuresis
because their bladders can’t hold higher volumes
of urine.
Bedwetting
What causes bedwetting? 10
possible conditions..
Bedwetting is a normal developmental stage for
some children, but it can be a symptom of
underlying illness or disease in adults.
About 2 percent of adults suffer from bedwetting,
according to the National Association for
Continence.
Causes of Bedwetting
Physical and psychological conditions can lead to
bedwetting in some people. Common causes of
bedwetting among children and adults include:
• small bladder size
• urinary tract infection (UTI)
• stress, fear, or insecurity
• neurological disorders (e.g.: post-stroke)
• diabetes
• prostate gland enlargement
• sleep apnea (abnormal pauses in breathing
during sleep)
• constipation
Hormonal imbalances can also
cause bedwetting in some people.
Everyone’s body makes a hormone called
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ADH tells your body to slow down the production
of urine overnight. The lower volume of urine
helps a normal bladder hold urine overnight.
People whose bodies don’t make sufficient levels
of ADH may experience nocturnal enuresis
because their bladders can’t hold higher volumes
of urine.
Urinary Incontinence...
Lifestyle Changes to Manage
Bedwetting
Certain lifestyle changes may help
end bedwetting. Setting limits on
fluid intake plays a large part in
controlling bedwetting. Try not to drink
water or other liquids within a few hours of
bedtime to reduce the risk of having an accident.
Drink the majority of your daily fluid requirements
before dinnertime. This will ensure that your
bladder is relatively empty before bedtime.
You should also cut out caffeinated or alcoholic
drinks in the evening. Caffeine and alcohol are
bladder irritants and diuretics. That means they’ll
cause you to urinate more..
-------------
Bedwetting can sometimes
occur during a stressful event
in a young person’s life. Conflict at
home or school may cause your child to have
nightly accidents.
The birth of a sibling, moving to a new home, or
another change in routine can be stressful to
children and may trigger bedwetting incidents.
Talk to your child about how they’re feeling.
Understanding and compassion can help your child
feel better about their situation, which can put an
end to bedwetting in many cases.
Refrain from punishing bedwetting incidents.
Praise your child when they stay dry. This will help
them feel good about not wetting the bed.
Medical Treatment for Bedwetting
Bedwetting that stems from a medical condition
requires treatment beyond just lifestyle
adjustments. Medications can treat a variety of
conditions of which bedwetting is a symptom. For
example:
• Antibiotics can eliminate UTIs.
• Anticholinergic drugs can calm an irritated
bladder.
• Eesmopressin acetate increases levels of
ADH to slow nighttime urine production.
• DHT-blocking medications reduce swelling of
the prostate gland.
It’s also important to control chronic conditions,
such as diabetes and sleep apnea. Bedwetting
associated with underlying medical issues will likely
resolve with proper management.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage
Bedwetting
Certain lifestyle changes may help
end bedwetting. Setting limits on
fluid intake plays a large part in
controlling bedwetting. Try not to drink
water or other liquids within a few hours of
bedtime to reduce the risk of having an accident.
Drink the majority of your daily fluid requirements
before dinnertime. This will ensure that your
bladder is relatively empty before bedtime.
You should also cut out caffeinated or alcoholic
drinks in the evening. Caffeine and alcohol are
bladder irritants and diuretics. That means they’ll
cause you to urinate more..
-------------
Bedwetting can sometimes
occur during a stressful event
in a young person’s life. Conflict at
home or school may cause your child to have
nightly accidents.
The birth of a sibling, moving to a new home, or
another change in routine can be stressful to
children and may trigger bedwetting incidents.
Talk to your child about how they’re feeling.
Understanding and compassion can help your child
feel better about their situation, which can put an
end to bedwetting in many cases.
Refrain from punishing bedwetting incidents.
Praise your child when they stay dry. This will help
them feel good about not wetting the bed.
Medical Treatment for Bedwetting
Bedwetting that stems from a medical condition
requires treatment beyond just lifestyle
adjustments. Medications can treat a variety of
conditions of which bedwetting is a symptom. For
example:
• Antibiotics can eliminate UTIs.
• Anticholinergic drugs can calm an irritated
bladder.
• Eesmopressin acetate increases levels of
ADH to slow nighttime urine production.
• DHT-blocking medications reduce swelling of
the prostate gland.
It’s also important to control chronic conditions,
such as diabetes and sleep apnea. Bedwetting
associated with underlying medical issues will likely
resolve with proper management.
''Your guide to buying
individual health insurance
Thanks to special enrollment
periods, millions of Americans
can still buy ACA-compliant
plans.
======
The list of qualifying events
that could result in a special
enrollment period for you at
any point during the year
including:
A permanent move (in most
cases, you must have also had
coverage before your move)
Marriage or the birth or
adoption of a child
Your non-calendar-year plan
reaches its renewal date
A change in your ACA
subsidy eligibility
A change in your citizenship
status and more
individual health insurance
Thanks to special enrollment
periods, millions of Americans
can still buy ACA-compliant
plans.
======
The list of qualifying events
that could result in a special
enrollment period for you at
any point during the year
including:
A permanent move (in most
cases, you must have also had
coverage before your move)
Marriage or the birth or
adoption of a child
Your non-calendar-year plan
reaches its renewal date
A change in your ACA
subsidy eligibility
A change in your citizenship
status and more
Subsidies can still greatly reduce
your plan costs
Depending on your household
income, you may still be eligible
for premium tax credits (aka,
premium subsidies) and possibly
cost-sharing reductions (CSR,
aka, cost-sharing subsidies).
Premiums subsidies are still
available in the exchange for
people with income up to 400
percent of the poverty level.
(For 2018 coverage, a single
person can earn up to $48,240
and be eligible for the premium
tax credit, and a family of four
can earn up to $98,400).
your plan costs
Depending on your household
income, you may still be eligible
for premium tax credits (aka,
premium subsidies) and possibly
cost-sharing reductions (CSR,
aka, cost-sharing subsidies).
Premiums subsidies are still
available in the exchange for
people with income up to 400
percent of the poverty level.
(For 2018 coverage, a single
person can earn up to $48,240
and be eligible for the premium
tax credit, and a family of four
can earn up to $98,400).
IN FLORIDA YOU NEED THESES
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CONTACTS- http://www.tagged.
com/femkonsa
CONNETC WITH US - CONTACT US - LIKE
OUR PAGES -
USE OUR EXPERTISE
www.linkedin.com/in/agentantony
====== https://plus.google.
com/+AnthonyJeanty
===== WWW.FACEBOOK.
COM/FINANCIALSCHOOL
======
https://twitter.com/Agentantony
=====
======
Nurses Of America has
developed this interesting page
with the aim of providing free
and easy to understand nursing
and medical information and
sometimes advice...
=====
However this information or
advice does not take into
account your own individual
circumstances.
We hope that you will find the
information helpful, useful,
educative but it does not replace
your doctor, and if you are
concerned or worried, you
should refer to specialists...
''NURSES OF AMERICA''
developed this interesting page
with the aim of providing free
and easy to understand nursing
and medical information and
sometimes advice...
=====
However this information or
advice does not take into
account your own individual
circumstances.
We hope that you will find the
information helpful, useful,
educative but it does not replace
your doctor, and if you are
concerned or worried, you
should refer to specialists...
''NURSES OF AMERICA''